Cellular Organization of the Nervous System

Question 1

what are the cells of the CNS

Answer 1

neurons, glia, and blood vessels

Question 2

what are the different types of glia cells

Answer 2

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal

Question 3

list the different organelles of a neuron

Answer 3

Golgi bodies, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

what 3 organelles are restricted to the soma of a cell

Answer 4

nucleus, gogli apparatus, and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

what are the four main components of a neuron

Answer 5

soma, dendrites, axon, and presynaptic terminals

Question 6

soma

Answer 6

synthesizes a large quantity and variety of proteins used as neurotransmitters (grey matter)

Question 7

dendrites

Answer 7

serve as main input sites for the cell (white matter)

Question 8

axon

Answer 8

output unit of the cell, specialized to send information to other neurons, muscle cells, or glands

Question 9

presynaptic terminal

Answer 9

transmit elements of the neuron

Question 10

where are pyramidal cells

Answer 10

cerebral cortex

Question 11

where are neuroendocrine cells

Answer 11

hypothalamus

Question 12

where are spiny neurons located

Answer 12

corpus striatum

Question 13

where are basket cells located

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

multipolar axon and function

Answer 14

multiple dendrites coming off around cell body
-specialized to receive and accommodate huge amounts of synaptic input to their dendrites

Question 15

bipolar axon and location/function

Answer 15

one dendrite feeding into the cell body
-found in retina and olfactory receptors

Question 16

pseudounipolar axon and location/function

Answer 16

single projection from cell body that divides into two axonal roots
-allows faster conduction of action potentials
-conducts sensory info from periphery

Question 17

where are spinal sensory ganglia found

Answer 17

in intervertebral foramina

Question 18

where are cranial sensory ganglia found

Answer 18

located in or outside of cranial bones through which the sensory nerves pass through the

Question 19

axoplasmic transport

Answer 19

transport of membranous and skeletal substances along an axon

Question 20

anterograde

Answer 20

fresh components are synthesized in the soma and sent toward the presynaptic terminal

Question 21

retrograde

Answer 21

worn-out materials from the synapse back to the soma for degradation in the lysomes

Question 22

leak channel

Answer 22

allow diffusion of small number of ions through the membrane at a slow continuous rate

Question 23

modality gated channels

Answer 23

open in response to mechanical forces, temperature changes, or chemicals

Question 24

ligand gated channels

Answer 24

open in response to a neurotransmitter, generate local potentials

Question 25

voltage gated channels

Answer 25

open in response to change in electrical potential across membrane

Question 26

saltatory conduction

Answer 26

quick node-to-node jumping of action potential down myelinated axon

Question 27

convergence

Answer 27

multiple inputs from a variety of cells terminate on a single neuron

Question 28

divergence

Answer 28

single neuron with many branches that terminate on a multitude of cells

Question 29

microglia cells

Answer 29

act as CNS immune system, clean up and remove debris

Question 30

3 types of macroglia cells

Answer 30

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells

Question 31

astrocytes

Answer 31

homeostasis, maintaining blood-brain barrier, modulation

Question 32

oligodendrocytes

Answer 32

forms myelin in CNS

Question 33

Schwann cells

Answer 33

forms myelin in PNS

Question 34

ependymal cells

Answer 34

line ventricular system in brain and central canal -CSF homeostasis, brain metabolism, and clearance of waste from brain