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MSS PCM Exam 1 > Overview of Heart/Lung/Abdomen Exam > Flashcards

Overview of Heart/Lung/Abdomen Exam Flashcards

1
Q

sputum

A

substance expelled by lung (coughed up)

color, consistency, quantity, frequency, presence or absence of blood

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2
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood from lungs
-could be sign of serious condition

clot - cancer, cavitary lesion, cardiac disease, PE
tinged - smoking, infections

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3
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath (subjective)

-objective finding - tachypnea

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4
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

SOB that occurs during sleeping

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5
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing while lying flat

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6
Q

wheezing

A

high pitched sound resulting from partially obstructed airway
-bronchospasm, mucosal edema, foreign body aspiration, tumor, CHF

all that wheezes is not asthma

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7
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of skin

-decreased oxygen

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8
Q

central cyanosis

A

inadequate gas exchange at level of lungs

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9
Q

peripheral cyanosis

A

excessive extraction of inadequate supply of oxygen at periphery

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10
Q

pleuritic pain

A

chest wall pain associated with breathing

-inflammation of pleuras

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11
Q

skills for respiratory exam?

A

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

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12
Q

inspection of chest

A

shape of chest and how it moves when breathing

  • deformity and asymmetry
  • abnormal retraction of muscles
  • impaired respiratory movements

anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects

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13
Q

tactile fremitus

A

say 99

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14
Q

symmetry of chest excursion

A

anterior and posterior

hands on back at 10th rib

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15
Q

dull

A

percussion of solid organ

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16
Q

resonant

A

percussion over structure containing air (lung)

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17
Q

tympanic

A

over hollow or air containing structure or organ (stomach)

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18
Q

flat

A

percussion over large muscle mass

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19
Q

auscultation

A

NEVER listen through clothes

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20
Q

types of normal breath sounds

A

tracheal, bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular

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21
Q

tracheal breath sounds

A

very loud/high pitched
-harsh sounding
-heard over trachea and neck
I:E ratio 1:1

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22
Q

brachial breath sounds

A

-loud and high pitched
I:E ratio 1:3
tubular sounding
heard over manubrium

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23
Q

bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

moderate to intermediate
I:E ratio 1:1

tubular rustling sound
over mainstem bronchi between scapula

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24
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

soft, low pitch
I:E ration 3:1
gentle rustling
heard over most of lung fields

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25
Q

abnormal lung sounds

A

rales/crackles
wheezes
rhonchi

26
Q

rales/crackles

A

result from opening and closing of alveoli and small airways during respiration

27
Q

wheezes

A

high itched sound from partial obstruction of smaller airway

28
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched sound from larger airways partially obstructed

29
Q

p wave

A

atrial contraction

30
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular contraction

31
Q

T wave

A

ventricular polarization

32
Q

PMI

A

point of maximal impulse

5th intercostal space
mid-clavicular line

33
Q

thrill

A

palpable vibration felt over precordium

34
Q

heave

A

palpable impulse or displacement of sternum

35
Q

aortic area?

A

right sternal borde 2nd ICS

36
Q

tricuspid area?

A

left sternal border 4th ICS

37
Q

pulmonic area?

A

left sternal border 2nd ICS

38
Q

Erb’s Point?

A

left sternal border 3rd ICS

39
Q

mitral area?

A

apex of heart 5th ICS

40
Q

normal heart sounds?

A

S1 and S2

41
Q

S1

A

first heat sound (lub)

closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
-at tricuspid and mitral valves

42
Q

S2

A

second heart sound (dub)

closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
-at aortic and pulmonic valves

43
Q

physiologic splitting

A

of second heart sound

-best over pulmonic valve

44
Q

exam of abdomen?

A

inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate, rectal, special technique

45
Q

best place to listen to abdomen

A

RLQ

46
Q

normal bowel sounds

A

high pitched tinkle 3-5 seconds

47
Q

borborygmi

A

increased hyperactive bowel sounds

lower pitched rumbling
hyperperistalsis

48
Q

abdominal bruits

A

soft sound made by disrupted arterial flow through a narrowed artery

49
Q

best way to percuss abdomen?

A

patient supine

50
Q

tympany in abdomen?

A

presence of gas in stomach and small bowel

51
Q

dull sound?

A

liver

52
Q

resonant sound?

A

lung

53
Q

hepatomegaly?

A

greater than 10cm

54
Q

palpation of abdomen?

A

light, deep, liver, spleen, kidney

55
Q

rebound tenderness

A

slowly, gently, deeply palpate

-quick release

56
Q

inferior approach

A

liver palpation

-11th 12th rib in RUQ

57
Q

hooking technique

A

also for liver palpation

58
Q

spleen palpation

A

11th 12th rib LUQ

59
Q

sandwich method

A

palpate kidneys

60
Q

5 listening posts

A

aortic, pulmonic, Erbs, tricuspid, mitral

MSS PCM Exam 1 (10 decks)

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