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MSS PCM Exam 1 > Introduction to Musculoskeletal/Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Introduction to Musculoskeletal/Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

joints

A

cartilagenous, fibrinous, and synovial

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2
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

-poor blood supply

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3
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

-good blood supply

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4
Q

bursa

A

synovial pouch

  • cushion and decrease friction at joint
  • will stop motion with significant inflammation
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5
Q

exam of major joints

A

inspect, palpation, range of motion, muscle strength

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6
Q

inspection of joint?

A

symmetry, alignment, bony/tissue deformities, redness, swelling

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7
Q

palpation of joint?

A

temperature, texture, crepitus, tenderness

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8
Q

range of motion of joint

A

joint function and stability, integrity of ligaments, tendons, burs,a especially if pain or trauma

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9
Q

active vs. passive range of motion

A

defined from patient’s action, not yours

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10
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

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11
Q

TMJ exam?

A 
inspect for symmetry, swelling, redness, lumps
observe resting and normal activity
palpate clicking, tenderness
strength - clench teeth
range of motion - open/close
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12
Q

pain vs tenderness?

A

pain - what patient tells you

tenderness - pain that you create

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13
Q

rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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14
Q

shoulder exam

A

inspect symmetry of bones and muscles

  • include anterior, side, and posterior
  • normal walking and conversation

**do while sitting and standing

palpate for tenderness, masses, bony structure symmetry, crepitus

range of motion

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15
Q

crepitus

A

like you are popping tiny bubbles under skin surface

-associated with some amount of swelling

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16
Q

range of motion of shoulder

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction

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17
Q

shoulder

A

rotator cuff and subacromial bursa

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18
Q

most common rotator cuff injury?

A

supraspinatus

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19
Q

test for supraspinatus

A

“empty can test”

arms out thumbs down
-put pressure downward against arm

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20
Q

test for infraspinatus and teres minor

A

elbows in and resist external rotation

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21
Q

test for subscapularis and pectoralis

A

elbows in and resist internal rotation

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22
Q

test for subscapularis

A

bear hug

hand over opposite shoulder then attempt to pull it away

also lift off

  • hand over lumbar
  • resist lifting arm off back
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23
Q

neer’s sign

A

sign of impingement

palpate acromion and bring arm into flexion

pain indicates impingement of rotator cuff

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24
Q

hawkin’s sign

A

sign of impingement

rotate head of humerus internally to pinch ligaments into acromion by greater trochanter

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25
Q

exam of elbow

A

inspect and palpate

range of motion

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26
Q

range of motion of elbow

A

flexion/extension
pronation/supination
radial/ulnar deviation

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27
Q

golfers elbow

A

medial epicondyle

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28
Q

tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondyle

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29
Q

olecranon bursitis

A

trauma, overuse, infection, arthritic condition

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30
Q

wrist and hand exam

A

inspect/observe

palpate skin, soft tissues, JOINTS, and masses

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31
Q

range of motion of wrist

A

flexion/extension

ulnar/radial deviation

32
Q

range of motion of fingers

A

flexion/extension/abduction/adduction

33
Q

range of motion of thumb

A

flexion/extension/abduction/adduction

also opposition**

34
Q

most common place of osteoarthritis?

A

carpometacarpal joint

35
Q

game-keepers thumb

A

ulnar collateral ligament (ski pole)

36
Q

synovial thickening

A

occurs in arthritis

37
Q

snuff box

A

scaphoid tender to direct palpation

38
Q

test for carpal tunnel

A

*patients complaining of dropping things

tinels sign and phalens test

39
Q

tinels sign

A

tap on nerve for carpal tunnel

40
Q

phalens test

A

dorsum of hands (reverse prayer)

test for carpal tunnel

41
Q

inspection of spine

A

from the side
-normal curves

from behind

  • upright spinal column
  • alignment
  • skin markings, tags, or masses
42
Q

sciatic nerve

A

through pelvis

normal cause of pain

43
Q

range of motion of neck

A

flexion/extension
rotation
sidebending

44
Q

thoracic/lumbar range of motion

A

flexion/extension
rotation
sidebending

45
Q

sciatica

A

shooting pain down leg, constant or intermittent
-straight leg raise can be a positive test (60 degree)

central vs. peripheral impingement
-positive test = central impingement

46
Q

true hip pain?

A

in the groin

47
Q

inspection of hip?

A

swing - foot moving when walking

stance - foot on the ground

48
Q

hip range of motion

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
external/internal rotation

49
Q

NAVEL

A

nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymph nodes

50
Q

medial ligament of ankle?

A

deltoid ligament

51
Q

lateral ligaments of ankle?

A

posterior talofibular
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular ligament

52
Q

major muscle groups

A 
upper arm flexor and extensor
lower arm flexor and extensor
upper leg flexors/extensors
plantar flexors
dorsiflexors
53
Q

muscle strength chart?

A

0 - no contraction
1 - barely detectable flicker of contraction
2 - active movement of body with gravity eliminated
3 - active movement against gravity
4 - active movement against gravity and some resistance
5 - active movement against full resistance without evident fatigue (normal muscle strength)

54
Q

paresis

A

weakness or imcomplete paralysis

55
Q

paralysis

A

loss of voluntary movement

56
Q

spasticity

A

increased muscle tone dependent on rate of movement

57
Q

rigididty

A

increased resistance that persists throughout movement

58
Q

flaccidity

A

loss of muscle tone

59
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

60
Q

tremor

A

repetitive oscillatory movement

resting (involuntary) and intention

61
Q

nystagmus

A

rhythmic oscillation of eyes

62
Q

ataxia

A

uncoordinated movement that isn’t smooth in appearance

63
Q

involuntary movement

A

spontaneous movements that aren’t intentional

64
Q

PNS sensory testing

A

soft and sharp testing of peripheral and dermatomes

65
Q

deep tendon reflexes

A

use reflex hammer

-strike with brisk direct movement

66
Q

biceps reflex?

A

C5-6

67
Q

triceps reflex?

A

C6-7

68
Q

Supinator or brachioradialis reflex?

A

C5-6

69
Q

Knee reflex?

A

L2-L4

70
Q

Ankle Reflex

A

S1

71
Q

Clonus

A

hyperactive response required for assigning a reflex grade of 4 (usually achilles)

72
Q

grading of reflex

A

0 - no response
1 - somewhat diminished, low normal
2 - average, normal
3 - brisker than average, not necessarily indicative of disease
4 - brisk, hyperactive, may have clonus (rhythmic oscillations between flexion and extension)

73
Q

anesthesia

A

loss of sensation

74
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation such as burning, prickling, or tingling

75
Q

dysesthesia

A

abnormal or disagreeable sensations produced without stimuli or with stimuli that generally don’t cause such altered sensations

MSS PCM Exam 1 (10 decks)

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