International Medicine Flashcards
1 health principle by WHO
state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
fundamental right of all human beings peace and security value to all communicable diseases development of children is important extend to all people knowledge is important informed opinion and active cooperation government has responsiblity
global health?
study and improvement of health status in developing nations
health status - determinants of health**
-income, education, knowledge, social status, sex, genetic makeup, access to health care
three main criteria for providing adequate healthcare to the poor
equitable access
affordability
sustainability of services
leading risk factor of ill health in the world?
poverty
best outcome in improving health?
educations
major causes of death in the world
- ischemic heart disease
- cerebrovascular disease/stroke
- lower respiratory infections
- COPD
- diarrheal disease
- HIV/AIDs
- cancer of trachea/bronchi/lung
- DM
- Injury/Accidents
- Prematurity***
prematurity
baby born before 37 weeks
second leading cause of mortality in children under 5
three major global infectious diseases?
HIV, tuberculosis, malaria
number one killer worldwide due to single infectious agent?
HIV
leading cause of death in HIV patients?
tuberculosis
tuberculosis
1/3 has latent
2/3 die if not treated properly
MDR-TB
multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
XDR-TB
extensively drug resistant tuberculosis
resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, capreomycin, amikacin, kanamycin
mainstay of TB control?
directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS)
most important arthropod born disease and parasitic disease in world?
malaria
malaria
mostly children are affected and die
2nd leading cause of death in Africa
5th leading cause of death globally
5 major areas of study in developing countries
nutrition contraception and safe obstetric care infectious disease prevention trauma prevention provision of medical care
nutrition
mostly affects infants, children, and women of child bearing age
malnutrition
deficiency in protein, calories, and micronutrients
protein energy malnutrition
most common form seen in developing nations
marasmus
protein energy malnutrition
-stunted growth, extreme muscle wasting, loss of adipose, no peripheral edema
both energy (carb) and protein malnutrition
kwashiorkor
protein energy malnutrition
-growth failure, peripheral edema, hair discolor, hypoalbuminemia, preserve subQ fat from protein malnutrition
micronutrient deficiency
Vit A - zeropthalmia (cornea scars)
iron - chronic anemia
zinc - stunted growth and poor wound healing
iodine - thyroid dysfunction
nutrition minimum package
ensure adequate supply of safe food for population
nutrition for infants
Vit A, iron, folate
iodized salt
contraception and obstetric care
individuals should control own fertility
death from pregnancy?
hemorrhage peripartum sepsis eclampsia abortion obstructed labor/ruptured uterus
breast feeding
natural contraceptive
also has multiple health benefits for infant
-nutrients and disease protection for 6 months
infectious disease control
improve sanitation and access to clean water vector control mass chemotherapy vaccination programs education
trauma prevention
most caused by traffic accidents
common 10-24 years old
leading cause:
motor vehicles**
injury prevention must target dangerous what?
products, behavior, environments
provision of medical care
disparities exist:
- number of health care providers
- location of HCP
- services
- education and skills levels
- access to health care
many countries rely on?
community health workers
