International Medicine

Question 1

1 health principle by WHO

Answer 1

state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

fundamental right of all human beings
peace and security
value to all
communicable diseases
development of children is important
extend to all people
knowledge is important
informed opinion and active cooperation
government has responsiblity

Question 2

global health?

Answer 2

study and improvement of health status in developing nations

health status - determinants of health**
-income, education, knowledge, social status, sex, genetic makeup, access to health care

Question 3

three main criteria for providing adequate healthcare to the poor

Answer 3

equitable access
affordability
sustainability of services

Question 4

leading risk factor of ill health in the world?

Answer 4

poverty

Question 5

best outcome in improving health?

Answer 5

educations

Question 6

major causes of death in the world

Answer 6

1. ischemic heart disease
2. cerebrovascular disease/stroke
3. lower respiratory infections
4. COPD
5. diarrheal disease
6. HIV/AIDs
7. cancer of trachea/bronchi/lung
8. DM
9. Injury/Accidents
10. Prematurity***

Question 7

prematurity

Answer 7

baby born before 37 weeks

second leading cause of mortality in children under 5

Question 8

three major global infectious diseases?

Answer 8

HIV, tuberculosis, malaria

Question 9

number one killer worldwide due to single infectious agent?

Answer 9

HIV

Question 10

leading cause of death in HIV patients?

Answer 10

tuberculosis

Question 11

tuberculosis

Answer 11

1/3 has latent

2/3 die if not treated properly

Question 12

MDR-TB

Answer 12

multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

Question 13

XDR-TB

Answer 13

extensively drug resistant tuberculosis

resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, capreomycin, amikacin, kanamycin

Question 14

mainstay of TB control?

Answer 14

directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS)

Question 15

most important arthropod born disease and parasitic disease in world?

Answer 15

malaria

Question 16

malaria

Answer 16

mostly children are affected and die

2nd leading cause of death in Africa
5th leading cause of death globally

Question 17

5 major areas of study in developing countries

Answer 17

nutrition
contraception and safe obstetric care
infectious disease prevention
trauma prevention
provision of medical care

Question 18

nutrition

Answer 18

mostly affects infants, children, and women of child bearing age

Question 19

malnutrition

Answer 19

deficiency in protein, calories, and micronutrients

Question 20

protein energy malnutrition

Answer 20

most common form seen in developing nations

Question 21

marasmus

Answer 21

protein energy malnutrition
-stunted growth, extreme muscle wasting, loss of adipose, no peripheral edema

both energy (carb) and protein malnutrition

Question 22

kwashiorkor

Answer 22

protein energy malnutrition

-growth failure, peripheral edema, hair discolor, hypoalbuminemia, preserve subQ fat from protein malnutrition

Question 23

micronutrient deficiency

Answer 23

Vit A - zeropthalmia (cornea scars)
iron - chronic anemia
zinc - stunted growth and poor wound healing
iodine - thyroid dysfunction

Question 24

nutrition minimum package

Answer 24

ensure adequate supply of safe food for population

nutrition for infants
Vit A, iron, folate
iodized salt

Question 25

contraception and obstetric care

Answer 25

individuals should control own fertility

Question 26

death from pregnancy?

Answer 26

hemorrhage
peripartum sepsis
eclampsia
abortion
obstructed labor/ruptured uterus

Question 27

breast feeding

Answer 27

natural contraceptive

also has multiple health benefits for infant
-nutrients and disease protection for 6 months

Question 28

infectious disease control

Answer 28

improve sanitation and access to clean water
vector control
mass chemotherapy
vaccination programs
education

Question 29

trauma prevention

Answer 29

most caused by traffic accidents
common 10-24 years old
leading cause:
motor vehicles**

Question 30

injury prevention must target dangerous what?

Answer 30

products, behavior, environments

Question 31

provision of medical care

Answer 31

disparities exist:

• number of health care providers
• location of HCP
• services
• education and skills levels
• access to health care

Question 32

many countries rely on?

Answer 32

community health workers