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The Alimentary Canal > Overview of Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Overview of Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

When does the primordial gut tube form?

A

4 week of human development

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2
Q

Where is the primordial gut tube derived from?

A

From endoderm lining of the yolk sac

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3
Q

What are the foregut structures?

A

Primordial pharynx and derivatives
Lower resp. system
Oesophagus and stomach
Duodenum
Liver and biliary apparatus

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4
Q

What is the artery of the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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5
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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6
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric

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7
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

Control discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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8
Q

What structures lie upon the stomach (stomach bed)?

A

Diaphragm
Spleen
Left kidney
Adrenal gland
Splenic artery
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon
Colon

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9
Q

Describe the function of the biliary ducts

A

Carry bile from liver to gallbladder

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10
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

Produced in liver and stored in gallbladder

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11
Q

What is the artery which supplies the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery which lies in the triangle of calot

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12
Q

Explain the triangle of Calot

A

Hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of the liver

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13
Q

What is the pancreas function?

A

Accessory digestive gland
Exocrine and endocrine functions

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14
Q

Where does pancreas lie?

A

Retroperitoneal
Lies along the transpyloric plane L1/L2

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15
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Head, Neck, Body and Tail

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16
Q

What is the origin of the celiac trunk?

A

Abdominal aorta at T12

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17
Q

What are the main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery

18
Q

What are the 3 arteries that the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesentery artery
Inferior mesentery artery

19
Q

What organs are in the midgut structures?

A

Small intestine including duodenum
Cecum
Ascending colon
Right half to 2/3 of transverse colon

20
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

Shortest and widest part of the small intestine
Its second part receives bile and pancreatic duct

21
Q

Explain a duodenal ulcer

A

Inflammatory erosions of duodenal wall - mainly 1st part

22
Q

What are some differences of the jejunum and the ileum?

A

Jejunum has long vesa recta instead of short
Ileum has more fat in mesentery
Ileum had more lymphoid nodules

23
Q

What is the artery which supplies midgut?

A

Superior mesentery artery

24
Q

What level of abdominal aorta is superior mesenteric artery branch from?

A

L1

25
Q

What are the main branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Jejunal
Ileal arteries

26
Q

What are the structures of the hindgut?

A

Left 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Upper part of anal canal
Epithelium of urinary canal and most of uretha

27
Q

What is the artery suppling the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

28
Q

How can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine?

A

Omental appendices - small fatty projections
Haustra or sacculations
Teniae coli - thickened bands of smooth muscle

29
Q

Describe the appendix

A

Blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue
Variable position - retrocecal most common

30
Q

What is Macburney’s Point?

A

Site of max. tenderness in acute appendicitis

31
Q

What is the level of inferior mesenteric artery branches from abdominal aorta?

A

L3

32
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

33
Q

What is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Superior rectal artery

34
Q

What is the innervation of the abdominal organs?

A

Autonomic
Parasympathetic - vagus nerve and pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)
Sympathetic nerve - abdominal splanchnic nerves, prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and abdominal aortic plexus

35
Q

What is the function of the portal vein?

A

Transports venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and abdominal part of GIT

36
Q

What is the formation of the portal vein?

A

Union of splenic vein with superior mesenteric vein

37
Q

What is the location of the portal vein?

A

Behind the neck of the pancreas - L2

38
Q

What are 3 sites of porto-venal shunts?

A

Anorectal junction
Gastroesophageal junction
At umbilicus

39
Q

What are some consequences of venous enlargement during portal obstruction?

A

Haemorrhoids
Oesophageal varices
Caput medusae

40
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the GIT

A

Thoracic duct receives most from wall and organs
Lymph vessels run with corresponding arteries

41
Q

What are the 3 terminal groups of lumbar nodes?

A

Pre-aortic - drains organs supplied by anterior branches of aorta
Lateral aortic
Retro-aortic - posterior abdominal wall

The Alimentary Canal (33 decks)

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