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The Alimentary Canal > Grand Tour of The Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of The Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What does the GI tract consist of?

A

Hollow organs in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus

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2
Q

What organs are the accessory organs of the GI tract?

A

Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

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3
Q

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Absorption
Secretion
Motility

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4
Q

Explain Digestion

A

Breaking down of food we eat into simple substances that out bodies can absorb

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5
Q

What is digestive absorption?

A

Passage of end products of digestion from gastrointestinal tract into the blood and lymphatic vessels

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6
Q

Explain secretion

A

Process of which substances are produced and discharged from the cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion

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7
Q

Explain motility

A

Is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of salivary glands?

A

Paroted
Sublingual
Submandibular

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9
Q

Describe the function of the mouth

A

Foodstuffs are broken down by chewing and saliva is added as lubricant

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10
Q

Describe the function of the oesophagus

A

Conduit between mouth and stomach

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11
Q

Describe the function of stomach

A

Digestion of proteins
Foodstuffs reduced to semi-liquid form
Storage
Sterilisation

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12
Q

Describe the function of the pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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13
Q

Describe the function of the liver

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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14
Q

Describe the function of the gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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15
Q

Describe the function of the small intestine

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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16
Q

Describe the function of the large intestine

A

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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17
Q

Describe the general structure of the alimentary canal

A

Continuous hollow tube with varying diameter
Usually about 8 metres long
Tube has same structural organisation throughout length

18
Q

What are the 4 distinctive layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/ adventitia

19
Q

What are the sub layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Muscosae

20
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity

21
Q

Where are the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus found?

A

Myenteric - between circular and longitudinal layer of the muscularis
Submucosal - between circular and submucosa

22
Q

What type of epithelium is in the GI tract?

A

Stratified squamous - mouth, oesophagus and anal canal
Simple columnar - stomach, small and large intestine

23
Q

What are the function of the epithelium in the GI tract?

A

Barrier separating lumen
Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus
Absorbs products

24
Q

Describe the lamina propria

A

Loose CT - glands, blood and lymph vessels

25
Q

Describe the muscularis mucosae

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

26
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

Thick irregular CT which supports mucosa - contains neurons, blood vessels and lymph vessels
Glands in oesophagus and duodenum

27
Q

What is the serosa/ adventitia ?

A

Connective tissue outer layer of the alimentary canal
Outside peritoneal cavity - adventitia
Inside - serosa

28
Q

Describe the muscularis externa

A

Two thick layers of smooth muscle - inner is circular and outer is longitudinal
Produces motility for peristalsis and segmentation

29
Q

Explain the enteric nervous system

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexuses which supply independent control of the gut function

30
Q

Describe the nervous control of the alimentary function

A

Autonomic - long parasympathetic and short ENS reflexes
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

31
Q

Explain parasympathetic nerve control of alimentary function

A

Vagus nerve (X)
Salvation is facial and glossopharyngeal
Stimulatory function so increases secretion and motility

32
Q

Explain sympathetic nerve control of the alimentary function

A

Splanchnic nerve
Inhibitory so decreases secretion and motility

33
Q

What organs does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

34
Q

What organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

35
Q

What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

36
Q

What vein controls is the venous drainage of stomach?

A

Gastric veins

37
Q

What vein controls venous drainage of pancreas?

A

Splenic veins

38
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

39
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

40
Q

Describe the venous drainage from the GI tract

A

Gastric, Splenic, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins all drain to hepatic portal vein
Then hepatic vein joining circulation at liver then inferior vena cava

The Alimentary Canal (33 decks)

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