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The Alimentary Canal > Development of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Development of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during week 1?

A

Fertilisation to implantation

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2
Q

What happens during week 2?

A

Bilaminar germ disk formation

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3
Q

Which gene is a transcription factor for establishing left sidedness?

A

PTX2

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4
Q

What happens during week 3?

A

Trilaminar germ disk formation -gastrulation
CNS induction
Neurulation
Makes ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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5
Q

What process happens during week 3 to 8?

A

Organogenesis

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6
Q

What structures originate from the embryonic ectoderm?

A

Skin, CNS, PNS, ear and nose

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7
Q

What structures originate from embryonic endoderm?

A

Epithelial lining of the resp. system, GIT, glands, liver, pancreas, thyroid, urinary bladder

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7
Q

What structures originate from embryonic mesoderm?

A

Muscles, bones, cartilage, dermis, vascular system, urogenital system, spleen

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8
Q

When is the gut tube formed?

A

3rd and 4th week

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9
Q

What does lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

A

Parietal and visceral mesoderm

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10
Q

How is the gut tube closed?

A

At cranial end by oropharyngeal membrane
At caudal end by cloacal membrane

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11
Q

Describe the molecular regulation of the craniocaudal organisation of the gut?

A

Secretion of sonic hedge hog (SHH) by the gut endothermal cells - creates signalling pathway fir HOX gene

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12
Q

What is HOX gene expression do?

A

In gut mesoderm
Causes craniocaudal organisation of the gut

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13
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

There is ventral and dorsal
Hangs the gut tube from the body wall
Double layers of peritoneum

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14
Q

What is the origin of the mesentery?

A

Mesodermal

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15
Q

What does the mesentery enclose?

A

Intraperitoneal organs

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16
Q

Where does the oesophagus develop from?

A

Cranial part of the gut tube
Foregut
Lung bud develops from ventral wall of the foregut
Tracheo-oesophageal ridge between

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17
Q

How is the stomach developed?

A

Foregut caudal to oesophagus dilates to form stomach
Creates the greater and lesser curvatures

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18
Q

Explain the rotations if the stomach when developing

A

90 degree clockwise around longitudinal axis
Rotation along antero-posterior axis

19
Q

What is the mesogastrium?

A

The mesentery which attaches the stomach to the dorsal and ventral wall

20
Q

How is the omental bursa behind the stomach formed?

A

Rotation along the longitudinal axis pulls the dorsal mesentery to the left

21
Q

What does the greater and lesser omentum connect?

A

Greater - liver and stomach
Lesser - down from stomach along greater curvature to become 4 layers

22
Q

Explain the formation of the duodenum

A

Formed from caudal part of foregut and cranial part of midgut tube

23
Q

What arteries supply the duodenum?

A

Coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

24
Q

What are hepatocytes and biliary epithelia formed from?

A

Endodermal origin

25
Q
A
26
Q

What is the origin of kupffer cells, haematopoietic cells and CT?

A

Mesodermal origin

27
Q

What is the origin of the spleen?

A

Mesodermal at week 5

28
Q

In spleen, what happens at week 15-17?

A

Colonised T-lymphocytes

29
Q

In spleen, what happens at week 23?

A

The B cell precursors arrive and spleen starts its lymphoid function

30
Q

What is the origin of the pancreas?

A

Endodermal at week 5

31
Q

What happens at week 6 when developing the pancreas?

A

As duodenum rotates the ventral bud also moves close to dorsal bud
Major papilla formed

32
Q

What is the major papilla?

A

Bile duct and major pancreatic duct

33
Q

What does the midgut contain?

A

Extends from opening of bile duct into the duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon

34
Q

How is the primary intestinal loop formed?

A

Anti-clockwise rotation at week 6
Intestine develops in umbilical cord and moves back to abdominal cavity at week 10

35
Q

What is the vitelline duct?

A

Connects the ilium with yolk sac up to the 12-14th week

36
Q

What does the midgut loop develop into?

A

Part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and 2/3rds of transverse colon

37
Q

When does cecal bud form?

A

Week 6

38
Q

What are common anomalies in the midgut?

A

Stenosis, malrotation - reversed rotation

39
Q

Describe omphalocele

A

Failure of retraction of herniated intestinal loop through umbilical ring at week 10

40
Q

What could be caused from Vitelline duct remaining?

A

Fistula, cyst,, ligament or Meckel’s diverticulum

41
Q

What is formed from hindgut endodermal development?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

42
Q

What is formed from hindgut ectodermal development?

A

Lower part of anal canal and anal orifice

43
Q

When does the cloacal membrane rupture?

A

Week 7

44
Q

What are some developmental anomalies of the hindgut?

A

Urorectal fistula, rectovaginal and rectoperineal fistula
Imperforated anus

The Alimentary Canal (33 decks)

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