Overview of Class (Final) Flashcards
purpose of language sampling
the goal is to elicit spontaneous language which:
- helps to support standardize assessment
- look for paraphasias, agrammatisms, utterance length, etc.
what is dynamic assessment?
method involving initial testing, skills are addressed in treatment, individual is retested to determine treatment outcome
5 considerations of the WHO criteria
- impairments in body structure and function
- comorbid deficits
- limitations in activity and participation
- environmental and personal factors
- quality of life
what is included in the case history?
- medical history
- mental health history
- education and health literacy level
- work history
- hobbies and personal interests
- cultural and linguistic backgrounds
- typical communication linguistics
- current communication strategies
- perception of functional communication status
- preferences and goals
differential diagnosis
list of possible diagnoses that could be causing the presenting symptoms
SMART goals
- specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound
- be able to create them based off of case studies
what does it mean to be person/family centered tx approach?
- collaborate approach between individuals, families, and clinicians
- all parties are equally important
- individual and family preferences are priority
restorative vs. compensatory
- restorative: improving or restoring impaired function (activities and participation)
- compensatory: compensating for deficits that are not able to be retrained (body functions/structures)
primary progressive aphasia
a rare and lesser-known neurological condition caused by changes in the frontal and temporal lobes of brain, which are largely responsible for language and executive functioning
primary progressive aphasia: characteristics
- talk or singing slower than usual
- having difficulty thinking of words, even the names of familiar objects and people
- leaving words out or mixing up the order of words in sentences
- using a different word than the one they mean (table instead of chair)
- having difficulty understanding what words mean
- struggling to follow a conversation
- making mistakes in spelling that they wouldn’t typically make
Broca’s aphasia
- nonfluent
- poor reading comprehension, significantly impaired oral expression in confrontational naming, spelling errors
- apraxia of speech
Wernicke’s aphasia
- fluent
- anomia, difficulty with meanings of printed words, excessive but meaningless writing
- lack of self-awareness
conduction aphasia
- fluent
- better comprehension of silently read content, impaired repetition, literal paraphasias
global aphasia
- nonfluent
- expressions limited to a few words, impaired reading comprehension, greatly reduced fluency
- apraxia of speech
transcortical mixed aphasia
- nonfluent
- limited spontaneous speech, severe echolalia, unimpaired automatic speech
transcortical sensory aphasia
- fluent
- logorrhea, neologisms, naming severely impaired
- poor self-monitoring
transcortical motor aphasia
- nonfluent
- literal paraphasias, intact repetition, severely impaired writing
anomic aphasia
- fluent
- word finding difficulties, intact writing expression, intact repetition
prosopagnosia
inability to identify faces
amusia
inability to recognize musical tones or to reproduce them
dysnomia
difficulty with or inability to retrieve the correct word from memory when needed
alexia
with or without agraphia
agraphia
inability to write letters, symbols, words, or sentences
perseveration
recurrence, out of context and in the absence of the original stimulus, of some behavioral act
dysarthria
weakness
apraxia
pronunication
hemiplegia
use of one side
visual agnosias
inability to identify something visually
auditory agnosia
good with nonspeech sounds, difficulty with words
tactile agnosia
difficulty with sensory processing
community aphasia groups
- purpose: treatment and support for people with aphasia that can improve linguistic functioning in a naturalistic setting
- demographic: patients with aphasia
- therapy: socializing, sharing ideas, feelings, learn more information
life participation approach to aphasia (LPAA)
- purpose: general philosophy and model of consumer-driven service delivery and not a specific clinical approach
- demographic: focuses on long-term management of aphasia
- therapy: reengage in life through daily participation in activities of their choice
computer-based treatment
- purpose: utilize computer technology to target various language skills
- demographic: aphasia patients using AAC device
- therapy: introducing AAC devices
constraint-induced language therapy (CILT)
- purpose: intensive treatment approach focused on increasing spoken language output while discouraging (constraining) the use of compensatory communication strategies
melodic intonation therapy (MIT)
- purpose: uses the musical elements of speech (melody, rhythm, stress) to improve expressive language
- demographic: working on intonation
- therapy: start by intoning (singing) simple words/phrases and increase phrase length; then reliance on intonation is gradually decreased over time
augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
- purpose: involves supplementing or replacing natural communication modalities (natural spoken language) with aided or unaided symbols
- demographic: supporting nonspeaking communication
promoting aphasics’ communication effectiveness (PACE)
- purpose: designed to improve conversational skills
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: patient and clinician take turns as the message sender or receiver; picture prompts are concealed from listener, speaker uses their choice of modalities to convey message
visual action therapy (VAT)
- purpose: nonspeaking treatment approach that trains individuals to use hand gestures to indicate visually absent items
- demographic: global aphasia
- therapy: tracing, matching, producing pantomimed gestures for visible objects, pantomimed for absent objects
conversational coaching
- purpose: designed to teach verbal and nonverbal communication strategies to individuals with aphasia and their primary communication partners
- demographic: aphasic individuals
- therapy: strategies (drawing, gesturing, cueing) are chosen by the individual and his/her partner, and the SLP is the “coach”
supported communication intervention (SCI)
- purpose: approach to aphasia rehabilitation that emphasizes the need for multimodal communication, partner training, and opportunities for social interaction
- demographic: aphasic patients
multiple oral reading (MOR)
- purpose: treatment techniques for individuals with acquired disorders of reading
- demographic: dyslexia, alexia; best suited for individuals with preserved letter-by-letter reading abilities and relatively good oral reading and comprehension at the single-word level
- therapy: re-reading text aloud either a specific number of times or until a specific reading rate is reached
oral reading for language in aphasia (ORLA)
- purpose: treatment for individuals with aphasia that involves repeated practice reading sentences aloud with the clinician in an effort to improve reading comprehension via phonological and semantic reading routes
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: using connected discourse (sentences) to practice natural rhythm and intonation
supported reading comprehension
- purpose: focus on improving the reading comprehension of individuals with aphasia by incorporating aphasia-friendly text supports
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: drawings, personally relevant photographs, and reader-friendly formatting and linguistic supports
reciprocal scaffolding treatment (RST)
- purpose: group treatment approach that addresses communication skills using natural language in meaningful social contexts
- demographic: aphasic individuals
- therapy: giving an opportunity to use premorbid knowledge and vocabulary in reciprocal teaching interactions with a group of “novices”
script training
- purpose: functional approach to aphasia treatment that uses script knowledge (understanding, remembering, and recalling event sequences of an activity) to facilitate participation in personally relevant activities
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: developing a scripted monologue or dialogue of an activity of interests
sentences production program for aphasia (SPPA)
- purpose: prescribed treatment program designed to aid in the production of specific sentence types
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: clinician reads a story that includes the target sentences and then asks a question to elicit repetition of that sentence; clinician reads the story without the target sentence and asks a question to elicit that sentence
treatment of underlying forms (TUF)
- purpose: linguistic approach to treating sentence-level deficits in persons with agrammatic aphasia
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: improve sentence production by training more complex sentence structures first
gestural facilitation of naming (GES)
- purpose: uses intact gesture abilities to mediate activation of word retrieval by taking advantage of the interactive nature of language and action
response elaboration training (RET)
- purpose: treatment approach designed to help increase verbal elaboration abilities of persons with aphasia
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy steps in order
1. show a stimulus to the patient, patient responds saying what it is
2. if needed the clinician shapes/models that person’s response
3. the clinician gives a “wh” question to elaborate on the response
4. reinforce on the elaborated response
5. patient repeated the clinician’s combined model
6. elicit a delayed imitation
semantic feature analysis treatment
- purpose: word retrieval treatment in which the person with aphasia identifies important semantic features of a target word that is difficult to retrieve
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: using semantic network associated with the target word
verb network strengthening treatment (VneST)
- purpose: aphasia treatment to promote lexical retrieval in sentence context
- demographic: aphasic patients
- therapy: targeting verbs and their roles to activate semantic networks and to improve the production of basic syntactic structures (subject-verb-object)
word retrieval cueing strategies
- purpose: provides additional information, such as the beginning sound of a word (phonological cueing) or contextual cues (semantic cueing), to prompt the word
