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Aphasia Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia

A

a language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language, typically located in the left side (hemisphere) of the brain

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2
Q

the disorder impairs both the ___ and ___ of language, as well as ___ and ___

A

expression, understanding
reading, writing

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3
Q

more people have aphasia than have many other common conditions including…

A
  • cerebral palsy
  • multiple sclerosis
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • muscular dystrophy
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4
Q

aphasia is an ___ disorder

A

acquired

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5
Q

etiologies for aphasia

A

stroke, tumor, trauma

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6
Q

acquired disorder

A

caused by brain damage occurring after language has developed

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7
Q

difficulty with the mental processes of…

A

comprehending symbols and retrieving them

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8
Q

impairment of complex functions which are between…

A

input and output transmission and involve processes shared by the individual transmission channels

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9
Q

aphasia is a disorder of…

A

propositional language

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10
Q

propositional utterances

A

a creative formulation of words with specific and appropriate regard to the situation

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11
Q

automized sequences

A

counting, alphabet, etc.

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12
Q

memorized sequences

A

prayer or song

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13
Q

recurrent social speech

A

“hi, how are you?”

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14
Q

emotional speech

A

profanity, may be what’s left in their inventory due to frustrations and intuitive response

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15
Q

non-propositional language

A
  • automized sequences
  • memorized sequences
  • recurrent social speech
  • emotion speech
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16
Q

aphasia is a language disorder that happens when you have…

A

brain damage

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17
Q

aphasia does not…

A

make less smart or cause problems with the way you think

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18
Q

aphasia symptoms

A
  • not all the same symptoms
  • as patient recovers, early symptoms may lessen or disappear and others will take their place
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19
Q

symptoms of aphasia: spoken language

A

anomia

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20
Q

anomia

A
  • general term referring to difficulty finding a word
  • does not refer to retrieved words that are articulated poorly
  • includes errors of omission and commission
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21
Q

omission

A

intended word cannot be produced (aggramatism)

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22
Q

commission

A

mistakes in word selections

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23
Q

anomia vs. circumlocution

A
  • anomia: negative symptom which arises from a malfunctioning system
  • circumlocution: positive system which arises from language mechanisms that remain unimpaired
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24
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

area for phonologic output lexicon, damage causes neologisms and semantic paraphasia’s

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25
inferior temporal lesions
affects ability to access nouns
26
verb generation (from reading studies)
activation of left inferior front gyrus, left cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum
27
left prefrontal cortex appears to moderate semantic judgment and mediate semantic selection...
among competing alternatives in working memory rather than just mere retrieval of semantic knowledge
28
paraphasias
symptom of commission in that an incorrect word is substituted for an intended or targeted word
29
paraphasias identified in terms of the linguistic relationship between...
the spoken incorrect word and the target
30
paraphasias context aids
in identification of target
31
types of paraphasias
- phonemic - verbal - unrelated
32
paraphasia types are best revealed when...
the patient is asked to name an object, repeat, or read aloud
33
phonemic
literal paraphasias
34
phonemic paraphasias involve substitution, addition, or rearrangment of...
speech sounds so that the errors can be identified as sounding like target, correct word but put together poorly
35
verbal paraphasias
based on semantic relationship
36
semantic/related
word substitution bears a relationship with targetd
37
semantic/related paraphasias may reflect difficulties...
at a deeper level of the word retrieval process (unable to retrieve target word at that particular moment)
38
unrelated paraphasias
no semantic relationship
39
neologisms
fluently spoken word form which can't be identified as coming from patient's language or any other language
40
unrelated paraphasias appears as an invented word, but does not have ___
intentionality
41
2 stages of error process for unrelated paraphasias
1st stage- lexical selection error 2nd stage- subsequent phonemic distortion
42
agrammatism
- inadequacies of sentence production - content words produced, however function words (ex: articles, verb auxiliaries, prepositions, etc.) omitted - grammatical detail dropped (bound, morphemes such as for pluralization, tense, subject-verba agreement) - telegraphic speech - associated with non-fluency, apraxia of speech often accompanies agrammatism
43
paragrammatism
- symptom of commission - mistakes made in the use of grammatical elements instead of being omitted
44
jargon
- lengthy, fluently articulated utterances which make little or no sense to the listener - many paraphasic errors - tendency for speaking to talk another speaker has relinquished turn, press for speech
45
types of jargon
- neologistic - semantic - phonemic
46
verbal stereotypy
produced involuntarily
47
produced involuntarily
restricted language forms
48
types of verbal stereotypy
- yes/no - bland statements (I think so, maybe, etc.) - swearing - nondictionary
49
nondictionary
- 1 syllable repetition, iterative stereotypy - unrecognizable work form - what is on the mind of the patient at time of stroke
50
written language
- agraphia/paragraphias - graphic word retrieval errors - writing skill varies widely within normal population - hemiplegia/use of non-dominant hand, linguistic symptoms may be masked - problems transcoding phonemes to graphemes - writing important modality for dx of mild aphasia - this modality tends to be a more limiting channel
51
agraphia/paragraphias
patterns similar to speaking component
52
writing skill (including sentence structure and spelling) varies widely within normal population
- education level - vocation - cultural experience
53
auditory comprehension
- may be masked by appropriate social speech - have to have auditory memory to complete auditory comprehension tasks
54
partial auditory imperception
- slow rise time - noise build up - retention deficit in STM
55
reading
- visual dyslexia - surface dyslexia - deep dyslexia - paralexias - acquired dyslexia
56
visual dyslexia
problems with visual perception of letters
57
surface dyslexia
problems transcoding graphemes into phonemes, revealed when pt has difficulty selecting from words that sound alike
58
deep dyslexia
problems with semantic interpretation, inferred from errors in choosing words that are similar
59
paralexias
oral reading errors
60
acquired dyslexia
a type of aphasia, where someone who is a normal reader (i.e. has difficulty reading) after brain damage
61
preservation
- symptom of brain damage not unique to aphasia - recurrence, out of context and in the absence of the original stimulus, of some behavioral act - repeated responses occur involuntarily and often when patient is fatigued or frustrated with a task
62
awareness and self correction
- anosognosia - almost always accompanies jargon - those who are aware of problem/recognize specific errors are considered to show more favorable signs of recovery
63
aphasia syndromes
- fluent aphasias - non-fluent aphasias
64
fluent aphasias
- Wernicke's aphasia - transcortical sensory - conduction aphasia - anomic aphasia
65
non-fluent aphasias
- Broca's aphasia - transcortical motor - isolation transcortical mixed - global aphasia

Aphasia & Other Adult Language Disorders (13 decks)

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