Overview Of Cells

Question 1

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes have nucleus and membrane bound organelles; prokaryotes don’t have either

Question 2

Golgi Apparatus
A) Function (2)
B) Word that describes its stacking shape
C) Name for 2 faces and what happens at each

Answer 2

A) Receives proteins from ER and directs them to membrane or other organelles, some post-translational modifications
B) Cisternae
C) Cis (receiving) and trans (shipping)

Question 3

Mitochondria
A) Function
B) Structure of membranes
C) Unique evolutionary feature
D) How does this organelle replicate?
E) What is stored in the mitochondria?

Answer 3

A) Produce ATP via OxPhos @ inner membrane
B) Inner and outer
C) Contains DNA (remnant of prokaryotic bacteria)
D) Fission
E) Calcium

Question 4

Nucleus
A) Function
B) How many pairs of chromosomes? Individual chromosomes?
C) What is synthesized here?
D) What other organelle is continuous with the nucleus?

Answer 4

A) Contains DNA
B) 23, 46
C) mRNA and rRNA
D) ER

Question 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum
A) Rough ER functions (3)
B) Smooth ER functions (4)
C) What special type of smooth ER is found in muscle cells?

Answer 5

A) translation of mRNA, post-translational modification of proteins, target proteins to other locations in cell
B) Drug metabolism, detoxification, lipid synthesis, carb metabolism
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum - stores Ca2+

Question 6

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 6

Digest pathogens and non-functional organelles via hydrolytic enzymes

Question 7

What are the 2 functions of transport vesicles?

Answer 7

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Question 8

What are the 3 types of endocytosis?

Answer 8

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor mediated

Question 9

What are the 2 types of exocytosis?

Answer 9

Constitutive (always occurring)

Regulated (requires signal)

Question 10

What is the function of peroxisomes? (3)

Answer 10

Produce hydrogen peroxide
Degrade toxins, alcohol, fatty acids
Synthesize some types of phospholipids and plasmalogens

Question 11

What is the function of the centriole?

Answer 11

Organize microtubules

Contains a centriole and basal body

Question 12

What is the function of the proteasome?

Answer 12

Protein complex that degrades proteins that are misfolded or that are ubiquitiylated

Question 13

What are the 4 types of cell surface specializations?

Answer 13

Microvilli
Cilia
Stereocilia
Flagella

Question 14

What are the two subdivisions of cilia and their function?

Answer 14

Primary (non-motile): lack 2 central tubules and motor proteins, 1 per cell, sensory function

Secondary (motile): 9 + 2 arrangement, hundreds per cell, transport function

Question 15

What is the function of stereocilia?

Answer 15

Non-motile, inner ear, sensory

Question 16

What are the 5 types of cell junctions?

Answer 16

Tight
Adherens
Desmosome
Gap
Hemidesmosome

Question 17

Tight junctions

Answer 17

seals neighboring cells together to prevent leakage of Extracellular molecules between them, helps polarize cells

Question 18

Adherens junction

Answer 18

joins actin bundle in 1 cell to similar bundle in neighboring cell

Question 19

Desmosome

Answer 19

joins intermediate filaments in one cell to those in neighbor

Question 20

Gap junctions

Answer 20

forms channels that allow small molecules to move from cell to cell, transfer electrical information between cells

Question 21

Hemidesmosome

Answer 21

anchors intermediate filaments in cell to basal lamina