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10411 - ALD > Overview Of Acquired Aphasia And Cog D/O > Flashcards

Overview Of Acquired Aphasia And Cog D/O Flashcards

1
Q

Lesion in Broca’s area(BA 44, 45, inferoposterior portion of frontal lobe)

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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2
Q

deficit in formulating and processing syntax

A

Agrammatism

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3
Q

Broca’s Aphasia speech

A

Telegraphic speech: missing function words; mostly content words

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4
Q

problems with word finding

A

Anomia

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5
Q

Lesions in multiple areas: frontal, parietal, temporal areas receiving MCA blood supply

A

Global Aphasia

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6
Q

Communication is carried out largely through gesture, tone of voice, and facial expression

A

Global Aphasia

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7
Q

Transcortical Motor Lesion

A

Lesion in the anterior watershed area of left frontal lobe, extending to prefrontal areas (BA 6, 8, 9, 10 ,46)

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8
Q

Intact repetition compared with broca’s aphasia

A

Transcortical Motor

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9
Q

lesion of mixed transcortical

A

likely multifocal lesions in frontal and temporal watershed regions

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10
Q

Intact repetition compared with global aphasia

A

Mixed transcortical

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11
Q

WA lesion

A

Lesions in Wernicke’s area (BA 22, superior temporal lobe)

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12
Q

Signs of WA

A

● Fluent
● Neologisms: new words
● Paraphasias
● Relatively intact syntax than nonfluent aphasias
● Logorrhea

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13
Q

Transcortical sensory lesions

A

Lesion in angular gyrus/area surrounding the Wernicke’s area, excluding the Wernicke’s area itself (BA 39); and posterior portion of middle temporal gyrus (BA 37) [watershed regions of temporal lobe]

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14
Q

Intact repetition compared with Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Transcortical sensory

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15
Q

Conduction Aphasia lesion

A

Lesions in arcuate fasciculus (BA 40, within supramarginal gyrus)

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16
Q

Conduction Aphasia symptoms

A

● Impaired repetition (more di culty with longer and moe complex stimuli)
● Good comprehension and spontaneously production of spoken and written language
● Awareness of errors
● Common phonemic paraphasias

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17
Q

Lesion in angular gyrus

A

Anomic aphasia

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18
Q

Signs of anomic aphasia

A

● Comprehension and syntactic production
are relatively spread
● Circumlocutions, use of generic terms

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19
Q

Any form of aphasia due to damage to RH instead of LF in a person who is right-handed

A

Crossed Aphasia

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20
Q

Lesion below the cortex (thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum)

A

Subcortical Aphasia

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21
Q

● Frontal lobe is likely a ected during TBI
● Left and right orbital frontal lobe injury →
frontal lobe symptoms

A

FL syndrome

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22
Q

● Executive function deficits: challenges with
self-regulation, reasoning, making judgements and decisions, goal setting, planning, strategizing, being aware of strengths and weakness, organizing, sequencing, allocating attention, inhibiting inappropriate behaviors
● Pragmatic deficits: problem with social use of language

A

FL syndrome

23
Q

Perceptual and Attentional Deficits
● Left hemispatial deficits
● Prosopagnosia

A

RHD

24
Q

A ffective Deficits
● Di culty expressing emotions
● Di culty recognizing emotions of others
● Depression
● Apparent lack of motivation

A

RHD

25
Q

Communicative Deficits
● Di fficulty with word retrieval
● Impaired auditory-verbal comprehension
● Reading and writing deficits
● Impaired prosodic features of speech
● Di fficulty with pragmatics
● dysarthria

A

RHD

26
Q

Cognitive deficits
● Disorientation
● Impaired attention
● Di fficulty with memory
● Poor integration of info
● Di fficulty with logic, reasoning, planning,
and problem solving
● Impaired comprehension of inferred
meanings
● Di fficulty understanding humor

A

RHD

27
Q

● Prosopagnosia
● Anosognosia
● Anosodiaphoria
● Constructional impairments
● Memory deficits
● Topographical and disorientation
geographical
● Planning, problem solving, and organizing deficits

A

RHD

28
Q

● Progressive di use brain atrophy and accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
● Gradual onset
● Memory, attention, Efs

A

AD

29
Q

● AKA Ischemic dementia
● 2nd most common
● Caused by blood supply problems to brain
● Stepwise progression (due to series of
strokes or TIAs)
● There is evidence of multi-infarct dementia
(multiple focal lesions)

A

VASCULAR DEM.

30
Q

3rd most common, M>F
Abnormal protein (alpha-synuclein) deposits
Confusion, variable states of awareness and alertness, memory loss, ANS problems, visual hallucinations
Many have neuromuscular problems common to PD (muscle rigidity, tremors, balance problems)

A

DLB

31
Q

Atrophy of anterior frontal and temporal lobes
Most likely to occur in ages <65 (Onset typically in 40-60s)
Symptoms determined by associated functions of a ected specific areas of brain PPA and certain type of movement disorders are also associated with some forms of FTD
EL and RL deficits
Behavioral variant FTD

A

FTD

32
Q

Hereditary condition
Chorea, psychiatric and cognitive-linguistic problems
Poor language organization, anomia, emotional lability

A

Huntington’s Disease

33
Q

Cortical atrophy caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, most commonly due to chronic alcohol abuse
STM and LTM deficits and confabulation

A

Korsako ’s Syndrome

34
Q

Rare, rapidly progressive, degenerative viral disease
Common bodily protein, prion, forms into misshapen configuration that destroy brain cells
Rapid loss of cog and linguistic abilities and cortical and cerebellar muscular coordination, mood changes

A

CreutzfeltJacob Disease

35
Q

Challenges in EFs, pragmatic abilities, attention, memory
HIV-associated MCI is mild version of this condition

A

AIDS Dementia Complex

36
Q

Ongoing loss of language abilities in the face of relatively preserved cognitive abilities
Caused by neurodegenerative disease

A

PPA

37
Q

has insidious onset, rather than sudden onset

A

PPA

38
Q

symptoms get progressively words, rather than improve or stabilize

A

PPA

39
Q

tend to be linguistic (e.g. word-finding) in the face
of relatively intact cognitive abilities

A

PPA

40
Q

● Challenges in wordfinding (esp. confrontational naming) and comprehension (even at single-word level)
● Verbal output, syntax relatively good
● Tends not to have concomitant motor
speech impairments

A

SEMANTIC PPA

41
Q

Problems with word finding, especially in spontaneously conversation

A

Logopenic PPA

42
Q

● Di culty with syntax (esp. in expression relative to comprehension)
● Often have concomitant AOS
● AKA Nonfluent PPA

A

AGRAMMATIC PPA

43
Q

what is neuroplasticity?

A

Capacity of the nervous system for change

44
Q

What is intrinsic learning?

A

Internally, there will be change in their practice patterns because of their feedback mechanisms

45
Q

What is extrinsic learning?

A

provide them with strategies and activities that will stimulate them in the perspective of motor speech. We’re going to provide them with motor experience to learn speech motor movements and to develop their PRAXIS and execution.

46
Q

6 guiding frameworks of Mayo Clinic

A
  1. ICF
  2. Motor Speech Treatment Hierarchy
  3. Neuromuscular Treatment Principles
  4. Motor Learning Principles
  5. Treatment Process
  6. EBP
47
Q

International Classification of Function (ICF) general groupings are:

A
  1. Health Condition
  2. Body Functions and Structures
  3. Activity and Participation
  4. Contextual Factors
48
Q

Domain: Oral and Auditory Mechanisms, Task:

A

Task:
1. Oral structure exam.
2. Cranial nerve exam
3. Assessment of speech processes
4. Hearing test
5. Case history

49
Q

Domain: Speech like oro-motor function, Task:

A
  1. DDK
  2. Single word sample
  3. Polysyllabic words
  4. Non-word repetition test
50
Q

Domain: speech accuracy, task:

A
  1. CS sampling
  2. Consistency
  3. Stimulability
51
Q

Domain: prosody, task:

A

Ax of prosody

52
Q

Domain: RL/EL, phonological awareness, task:

A

Task: Language/Cognitive Skills

53
Q

Domain: related cognitive skills, task:

A

Task: speech perception testing, verbal working memory

10411 - ALD (5 decks)

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