Overview metabolism

Question 1

not an essential nutrient?

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

cells are system in what state?

Answer 2

dynamic steady state

“constant flux of nutrient”

Question 3

alanine + amino acid is simply what?

Answer 3

pyruvate

Question 4

unit of energy?

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

___is the common redox agent/electron carrier

Answer 5

NAD(P)H
NADH carries e- from breakdown (catabolism) ->ETC
NADPH carries e- for biosynthesis

Question 6

biosynthesis and degradation pathway are?

Answer 6

distinct

Question 7

= bank account, long terms storage of money to busy E

Answer 7

store fat

Question 8

=money in your wallet to buy E immediately

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

this is the fast, high E stroage fuel in the cell

Answer 9

ATP (GTP etc)

Question 10

ATP (GTP) different forms?

Answer 10

glutathione, BH4, Cytochrome c, NADH, NADPH

Question 11

sources of electrons =

Answer 11

reducing power

Question 12

pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetyl CoA is what kind of reaction?

Answer 12

Irreversible commitment
(you already have given up CO2)
3 carbon decarboxylated and no way to go back**

Question 13

which molecule sits at a major branch point in central metabolism, leading to multiple possible pathway?

Answer 13

Glucose 6- phosphate

Question 14

metabolism, always consider what states? (first one)

Answer 14

Fed, fasting, starvation states

Question 15

metabolism, second thing to consider?

Answer 15

which tissues are we talking about

each tissue has fundamental differences in metabolism

Question 16

metabolism is about moving electrons from __ to ____

Answer 16

from high to low potential

to build things, requires energy input

Question 17

there are no specifically ____ individual sugars

Answer 17

essential

Question 18

most oxidized form

Answer 18

CO2

Question 19

most reduced form

Answer 19

methane methyl

Question 20

proteins/amino acids are all about

Answer 20

Nitrogen N triplebonded N (covalent bond)

Question 21

essential amino acids

Answer 21

you cannot synthesize them

Question 22

what amino acids are conditionally essential?

Answer 22

tyrosine, cysteine, arginine

Question 23

fats in diet are primarily in the form of fatty acid linked to the 3 carbon sugar/alcohol GLYCEROL, called__?

Answer 23

Triacylglycerols (handy storage form)

sugar alcohol, most sugar has double bonded to somewhere..glycerol has 3 OH “handy tool” can form/bond with water

Question 24

Basal Metabolic Rate + Physical Activity + diet-induced thermogenesis

Answer 24

DEE
takes E and import/ship around the body and store
comb of all different things

Question 25

calc. at rest( asleep )

Answer 25

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 26

calc. at rest (awake). this often used interchangeably

Answer 26

While Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Question 27

FFM (fat free mass) is what?

Answer 27

Rough estimate of MBR - primary determinant of metabolism

Question 28

a major reason to revamp the old pyramid was to include what?

Answer 28

exercies (symbolized by the staris)

Question 29

BMI

Answer 29

Weight/height^2 (kg/m^2)

Ibs x 704/ height^2 (in^2)

Question 30

obses range

Answer 30

more than 30

Question 31

desirable range

Answer 31

18.5 - 24.9

Question 32

vit D deficiencies

Answer 32

rickets

Question 33

vit A deficiencies

Answer 33

xerophtalamia

Question 34

estimates of nutriet intake for various groups (age, gender)

Answer 34

DRI

Dietary reference intakes

Question 35

RDA

Answer 35

recommended dietary allowance

Question 36

EAR (estimated average requirement)

Answer 36

amount of X required by 50% of any target group

Question 37

RDA (recomm daily allowance)

Answer 37

EAR + 2SD (stn deviation)

Question 38

adequate intake

Answer 38

we are completely sure

AL when lack data

Question 39

Tolerable Upper intake level

Answer 39

taking too much vitamin

UL

Question 40

when you don’t have glucose, what increase?

Answer 40

ketone body