FA synthesis

Question 1

lipids are stored in ____ form ( more compact)

Answer 1

anhydrous

Question 2

lipids - fatty acids are more _____ than amino acid or monosaccharides (CHO)

Answer 2

reduced (CH2)

Question 3

Fatty acid synthesis. the point is, ?

Answer 3

store carbon and electrons **(e- from pentose pathway)

in form of reduced carbon which you will later oxidize to CO2

Question 4

FA biosynthesis located?

Answer 4

cytoplasm*

Question 5

FA breakdown located?

Answer 5

mitochondrial matrix/peroxisomes

Question 6

FA synthesis - requird what in cytoplsm?

Answer 6

acetyl coa and NADPH

Question 7

FA synthesis - rate limiting step

Answer 7

carboxylation of acetyl coa –> malonyl coa(C3)

Question 8

5 step reaction catalzed in mammal by?

Answer 8

fatty acid synthase

Question 9

acetyl coa is primarily found in where?

Answer 9

mitochondrial matrix

Question 10

acetly coa to cytosol

acetyl coa and amino acid is exported from mitochondria via what system?

Answer 10

citrate transport system ( citrate malate pyruvate shuttle)

Question 11

citrate malate pyruvate shuttle

Answer 11

citrate is easy to move around in membrane

Question 12

shuttle system: fatty acid

Answer 12

2C from acetyl coa

NADPH

Question 13

this catalyzes the rate limiting step of FA synthesis (uses biotin)

Answer 13

Acetyl Coa carboxylase

Question 14

this typically acts as a CO2 carrier/activator - bound to e-NH3 of lysines

Answer 14

Biotin

Question 15

Malonyl transfererase is how specific?

Answer 15

very specific

Question 16

acetyl transferase is how specific?

Answer 16

less

Question 17

odd number of chain FA are built starting with____?

Answer 17

proprionyl group (C3) instead of acetate (C2)

Question 18

FA synthesis, what is the reducing agent?

Answer 18

NADPH

Fats are storing electron*

Question 19

final reaction of FA synthesis, rounds of synthesis continue until ____group is formed

Answer 19

C16 palmitoyl group

Question 20

palmitoyl-ACP is hydrolyzed by?

Answer 20

thioesterase

break carbon sulfur bond

Question 21

respiratory distress syndrome in infant due to what?

Answer 21

surfactant

Question 22

four levels of regulation of FA synthesis

Answer 22

1. transcriptional regulation
2. polymerzation
3. phosphorylation
4. hormones

Question 23

Allosteric control by palmitoyl CoA and citrate?

Answer 23

polymerization of ACC

polymer ( = active)

Question 24

to make longer FA, where it’s made?

Answer 24

ER

Question 25

Humans can’t make FA with ___or ____from the w end

Answer 25

double bonds 3 carbons (w3) or 6 carbons (w6)

thus, these are essential FA***

Question 26

derivatives of 20 carbon polyunsaturated FA to make ____?

Answer 26

eicosanoids

Question 27

once tricyglycerol is made, FA’s are bound to ____ for storage as TAGs

Answer 27

glycerol

Question 28

triacylglycerol is made only in ?

Answer 28

eukaryote

Question 29

where triacylglycerol is made via a phosphatidic acid intermediate?

Answer 29

In liver and adipose tissue,

Question 30

FAS is proposed to act as ___?

Answer 30

oncogene – overexpression correlated with some tumors, e.g. prostate, may be target for treatment

Question 31

Fatty acid synthase is regulated primarily by?

Answer 31

Transcriptional regulation
regulation of AcetylCoA carboxylase (ACC), the RATE LIMITING step of fatty acid synthesis, with regulation of the actual fatty acid synthase complex, which it seems is only regulated at transcriptional level