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CMBM test 2 > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

fermentation of pyruvates to what?

A

lactic acid by bacteria

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2
Q

oxidation of reduced fuel (glucose) to generate E to form of ATP and NAD(P)H

A

metabolism

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3
Q

electrons are fallin gdown an electrial potential gradient from ____ to ______

A

reduced (glucose) to oxidized (oxygen)

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4
Q

metabolism doesn’t happen in

A

vacuum

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5
Q

what are involved to move metabolites in and out of cell?

A

many transporters

they talk to each other - complexity

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6
Q

GLU1 has Km value

A

~1mM

housekeeping one

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7
Q

GLU2 has Km?

A

high Km for glucose (10-20mM)

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8
Q

where is GLU2 present?

A

in the liver means that liver will take up glucose only when the blood glucose conc. is raised (after meal)

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9
Q

in fast state, GLUT2 does waht?

A

allows for the export of glucose from the liver

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10
Q

GLUT3 has Km?

A

low Km. ( present in brain)

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11
Q

GLUT4 transporters are sequestered in membranes of intracellular vesicles untill?

A

increase in blood insulin (from pancreas) concen. leads to recuitment of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane

insuline signal molecule here.

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12
Q

GLUT5 is

A

fructose transporter

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13
Q

glycolysis is what kind of process?

A

anaerobic process

doesn’t require O2

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14
Q

glucose into pyruvate, then to what in anaerobic condition?

A

lactate

recycling NADH -> NAD+

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15
Q

glucose into pyruvate, then to what in aerobic?

A

to acetyl coa => TCA => electron transport chain –> oxygen is final elec acceptor
*much more efficient (x15) than anaerobic

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16
Q

Glycolysis - synthesis of ATP is by?

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

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17
Q

synthesis of ATP in mitochondria is by?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

18
Q

committed step of glycolysis is catalyzed by?

A

phosphofructokinase 1

19
Q

hexokinase is regulated step but not first commited step becasue?

A

its product glucose 6-p is link to many other pathway

20
Q

by adding the strongly-charged po4, glucose is now?

A

now trapped inside the cell

21
Q

dehydrogenase

A

taking away (H-e- attached) electron and gives it to something else

22
Q

net reaction of glycolysis

A

glucose + 2ADP + 2NAD+ +2Pi ->

2pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O

23
Q

phosphoenopyruvate + ADP + H+ –> Pyruvate + ATP

what enzyme/

A

pyruvate kinase

24
Q

hexokinase reaction; in vivo, nucleotide phosphates are typiclly associated with ____ ti stablize the charge

A

Mg++

25
Q

most NTP-utilizing enzymes require __ as a cofactor

A

Mg++

26
Q

multiple forms of hexokinase occur in mammalian tissues and yeast?

A

Isozymes

27
Q

PFK-1 is metabolically _____ and critical regulatory point for glycolysis in most cell

A

irreversible

PFK-1 is the first committed step of glycolysis

28
Q

enzyme in microbes that decarboxylates pyruvate to make acetaldehyde (which will become ethanol)

A

pyruvate decarboxylase

29
Q

enzyme that decarboxylates pyruvates to form acetyl coa for TCA cycle

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

30
Q

this enzyme adds CO2 to pyruvate to make oxaloacetate for anapleurotic reactions and for gluconeogensis

A

pyruvate carboxylase

31
Q

ATP is ___ and ____ for PFK1

A

substrate and allosteric inhibitor

32
Q

this is formed from F6P by the enzyme phosphofructokinase -2( PFK-2)

A

F2,6BP

fructose 2,6 - bisphosphate

33
Q

GAPDH

A

another site for arsenic poisoing

34
Q

three major fates of pyruvate

A

anerobic : to 2ethanol (in bacterial) to 2 lactate (muscle)

aerobic : to 2 acetyl coa

35
Q

Oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - know the mechanism!

36
Q

2 carbon acetyl groups passed from ___ to _____

A

phosphate group to thiol group

37
Q

lipoic acid cofactor ‘active site’ cycles between what?

A

osidized -s-s and reduced -SH HS-

38
Q

Anaerobic fate of pyruvate?

A

Anaerobically, there is no TCA cycle to burn up the reduced NADH.
MUST RECYCLE NADH  NAD+ otherwise glycolysis will stop
Electrons are a waste product

39
Q

Reduction of Pyruvate to Lactate (Eukarotic muscles - anaerobic)

A

This reaction regenerates NAD+ for use by GAPDH in glycolysis

40
Q

what effect is slowing down glycolysis in presence of oxygen?

A

pasteur effect

41
Q

net ATP in glycolysis

A

2 ATP

4 in, 2 out

CMBM test 2 (7 decks)

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