Overview Flashcards
7 functions of urinary system
excretion of unwanted substances
maintains water/electrolyte balance
pH regulation of blood
produces hormones - erythropoietin, calcitriol
regulation of RBC production
regulation of blood glucose levels
regulation of blood pressure, volume, osmolarity
the kidneys specialise in the removal of what type of waste
nitrogenous
which nitrogen-containing waste in urine is a metabolite of protein metabolism
urea
which nitrogen-containing waste in urine is an end product of muscle metabolism
creatinine
which nitrogen-containing waste in urine is an end product of purine metabolism
uric acid
3 types of waste urinary system gets rid of
metabolic waste - urea/uric acid/creatinine
Ions (charged atoms/molecules) in particular H+ Hydrogen
Toxins - via liver
electrolytes are
charges atoms in a solution (water) - (they conduct electricity)
the most important 3 electrolytes regulated by the kidneys are
sodium Na+
Potassium K+
Hydrogen H+
Na+
Sodium
Potassium
K+
H+
Hydrogen
what type of solution contains an excess of H+ ions
an acidic one
bllod pH must remain between what & what
7.35-7.45
2 primary control systems for blood pH
Lungs- extrete CO2 - more CO2 more acidic in blood
kidneys excrete H+ and produce buffer HCO3 (bicarbonate)
what is calcitriol
active form of Vit D
Calcitriol increases the absorption of what from the GIT (and the retention of them by the kidneys)
Calcium
Phosphorous
Ca
Calcium
P
Phosphorous
A deficiency of Calcitriol causes
Osteomalacia (Rickets)
what is the system through which Kidneys maintain blood pressure called
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone hormone system
where is calcitriol manufactured
in the kidneys from vitamin D precursors made in the skin
or obtained through diet
if the kidneys aren’t receiving enough 02 what do they produce
erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production in bone marrow
what is normal blood glucose level
4-8mmol/L
what is the RENAL threshold for glucose
9mmol/L
What happens if blood glucose is above renal threshold
glucose cannot be reabsorbed back into blood - some retained by kidneys to go back into blood but remainder excreted via urine
hyperglycaemia indicates what
pathology (diabetes)
what is gluconeogenesis
kidneys able to make glucose from amino acid GLUTAMINE if hypoglycaemia occurs
