Overall Chemistry Flashcards
What is the name of the process when an alkane turns into a haloalkane?
Radical Substitution
What are the 3 processes of Radical Substitution?
-Initiation
-Propagation
-Termination
What is the name of the process when an alkene turns into a haloalkene?
Electrophilic addition reaction
Draw using curly arrows the diagram for the electrophilic addition of ethene with bromine.
-Curly arrows start from area of electron e.g. double bond
-Diploes are labelled S+ is attracted to carbocation
-Both radicals are drawn in final Bromine ion
What is the name of the process when a haloalkane turns into an alcohol?
Nucleophilic substitution
What is the first reagent added to a haloalkane during nucleophilic substitution?
Hot aqueous hydroxides ions
Draw the diagram using curly arrows to show the mechanism for nucleophilic substitution of bromomethane.
-OH- has both radicals therefore curly arrows start from OH-
-Carbon is labelled as the S+ dipole and Bromine is labelled as S- dipole
-Curly arrow ends at Bromine atom
-Bromine ion is produced
State and explain 2 anomalous properties of ice caused by hydrogen bonding
1.Water has a relatively high melting and boiling points it requires a lot of energy to overcome hydrogen bonds
- Ice is less dense than water, because it has an open lattice structure
What is the definition of ionic bond?
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is the definition of covalent bond?
Electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and shared pair of electrons
Describe why a molecule whether __ is polar or non polar
-__ is symmetrical/ unsymmetrical because the dipoles cancel out
-molecule is overall polar/ non polar
structure answer for a branched alkane and why its has a low boiling point
Compound A (is branched so) has less points of contact /
less surface interaction between molecules
Induced dipole–dipole interactions / London (dispersion)
forces are weaker.
AND
Require less energy to break (these interactions / forces)
