Benzene reactions

Question 1

What group is added when benzene undergoes nitration?

Answer 1

NO2

Question 2

How do you create the NO2+ ion?

Answer 2

HNO3 + H2SO4 -> NO2+ +HSO4- + H2O

Question 3

What are the reagents and conditions for the nitration of benzene

Answer 3

Conc H2SO4
HUR

Question 4

What is the name of the mechanism when a NO2+ ion is substituted on?

Answer 4

Electrophilic substitution

Question 5

What is the reaction for the production of the halogen radical used with benzene?

Answer 5

R2+ FeBr3 -> R+ + FeBr4-

Question 6

What is produced when a halogen is substituted on a benzene?

Answer 6

-halogen benzene
-HR

Question 7

What the definition of alkylation?

Answer 7

Substitution with r using RCl

Question 8

What is the halogen carrier for alkylcarrier?

Answer 8

AlCl3

Question 9

What is the other product for alkylation?

Answer 9

RCl

Question 10

What is added in acylation process

Answer 10

-Acycl Chloride
-COCl

Question 11

What are the products for the Halogenation of a phenol?

Answer 11

-2,4,6 halogen molecule with benzene
-3HR

Question 12

What are the observations when phenol undergoes halogenation?

Answer 12

-Colour change from orange to colourless
-White precipitate formed

Question 13

What is the name of a NH2 group bonded to a benzene ring?

Answer 13

Phenylamine

Question 14

What are the observations for the formation of phenylamine?

Answer 14

Orange to colourless only

Question 15

Draw the mechanism of nitration of benzene

Answer 15

-arrow starting from benzene ring to NO2+ ion
-2 lines coming off from benzene, U shape in benzene with + in middle, arrow coming from middle of line to centre from H+
- Nitrobenzene and H+ ion products

Question 16

Why are phenols so electronegative?

Answer 16

-Lone pairs of electrons are donated to partially delocalised Pi system.
-Making it more suspectable to electrophilic attack