Benzene reactions Flashcards
What group is added when benzene undergoes nitration?
NO2
How do you create the NO2+ ion?
HNO3 + H2SO4 -> NO2+ +HSO4- + H2O
What are the reagents and conditions for the nitration of benzene
Conc H2SO4
HUR
What is the name of the mechanism when a NO2+ ion is substituted on?
Electrophilic substitution
What is the reaction for the production of the halogen radical used with benzene?
R2+ FeBr3 -> R+ + FeBr4-
What is produced when a halogen is substituted on a benzene?
-halogen benzene
-HR
What the definition of alkylation?
Substitution with r using RCl
What is the halogen carrier for alkylation?
AlCl3
What is the other product for alkylation?
RCl
What is added in acylation process
-Acycl Chloride
-COCl
What are the products for the Halogenation of a phenol?
-2,4,6 halogen molecule with benzene
-3HR
What are the observations when phenol undergoes halogenation?
-Colour change from orange to colourless
-White precipitate formed
What is the name of a NH2 group bonded to a benzene ring?
Phenylamine
What are the observations for the formation of phenylamine?
Orange to colourless only
Draw the mechanism of nitration of benzene
-arrow starting from benzene ring to NO2+ ion
-2 lines coming off from benzene, U shape in benzene with + in middle, arrow coming from middle of line to centre from H+
- Nitrobenzene and H+ ion products
Why are phenols so electronegative?
-Lone pairs of electrons are donated to partially delocalised Pi system.
-Making it more suspectable to electrophilic attack
What are the directing groups of NH2?
2.4.6
What are the position of directing effect of phenol?
2.4.6
Directing group for NO2?
3.5
Where do you draw the arrow from during nucleophilic addition
from the H ion
