Ovary (Pathoma)

Question 1

Basic fuxnal unit of the ovary

Answer 1

Follicle

Question 2

Actions of LH, FSH and estradiol on granulosa and/or theca cells

Answer 2

LH: Induces androgen pdtion in theca cells
FSH: Induces conversion of androgen to estradiol in granulosa cells=> starts proliferative phase
Estradiol: Induces LH surge (ovulation)=> starts secretory phase

Question 3

Hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst

Answer 3

Due to hemorrhage into corpus luteum

Seen during early pregnancy

Question 4

Follicular cysts

Answer 4

Due to degeneration of follicles
Common in women.
No clinical significance

Question 5

PCOS
Classic presentation
Risk for DM or nah?
Cause
Increased risk for cancer?

Answer 5

Classic symptoms: Young obese woman with infertility, hirsutism and oligomenorrhea
May have insulin resistance and develop DM in 10-15 years
Due to hormone imbalance: High LH+ Low FSH (LH:FSH>2)
Cystic degeneration of follicles (due to low FSH)
Increased risk for endometrial cancer (high estrone levels)

Question 6

Types of ovarian cells types

Answer 6

Surface epithelium
Germ cells
Sex cord stroma

Question 7

Surface epithelial tumors

• Frequency
• Cell type
• Benign, malignant or borderline

Answer 7

Most common (70% of cases)
From coelomic epithelium lining the ovary. Also found in fallopian tube (serous) and mucinous in endometrium and endocervix. 
2 types:
-Benign: cystadenoma
-Malignant: Cystadenocarcinoma

Question 8

Cystadenoma

Answer 8

Single cyst with single flat lining

Common in premenopausal women (30-40)

Question 9

Cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 9

Multiple cysts, shaggy lining, cells invade CT

Common in postmenopausal women

Question 10

What kinds of cancers are BRCA1 mutation carriers susceptible to?

Answer 10

Increased risk for breast, oviduct and ovarian cancers.

Serous!

Question 11

Endometroid tumor

Answer 11

Usually malignant
Associated with endometriosis
15% of patients also have endometrial cancer

Question 12

Brenner tumor

Answer 12

Contains urothelium (bladder cells)

Question 13

Group of women which tends to have germ cell tumors

Answer 13

Women of reproductive age

Question 14

Cystic teratoma

Answer 14

Different germ layers

Composed of fetal tissue, bilateral, benign

Question 15

Stuma ovarii

Answer 15

Cystic teratoma composed mainly of thyroid tissue

Question 16

Embryonal carcinoma

Answer 16

Composed of large primitive cells, aggressive with early metastasis

Question 17

Yolk sac tumor

Answer 17

Endodermal sinus tumor
High AFP
Schiller-Duval bodies
Most common GC tumor in kids

Question 18

Yolk sac tumor lab and histology findings

Answer 18

High AFP

Schiller-Duval bodies on histology

Question 19

Dysgerminoma

Answer 19

Tumor of germ cells

LDH seen in serum

Question 20

What is the male version of a dysgeminoma

Answer 20

A seminoma

Question 21

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 21

Small hemorrhagic tumor of placental tissue
Composed of synctiotrophoblasts and trophoblasts
High B-hCG
Early hematogenous spread

Question 22

Sex cord stromal tumor types

Answer 22

Granulosa-theca cell tumors

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

Question 23

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor findings

Answer 23

Reinke crystals and hirsutism

Question 24

Granulosa-Theca cell tumor xtics

Answer 24

Produce estrogen

Symptoms resemble estrogen excess

Question 25

Fibroma

Answer 25

Benign tumor of fibroblasts

Associated with pleural effusions and ascites (Meig’s syndrome)

Question 26

Meig’s syndrome findings

Answer 26

Ascites and pleural effusions

Question 27

Kruckenberg tumor origin

Answer 27

Primary site: Gastric carcinoma, boobs, colon

Mucinous signet ring cells seen on histology

Question 28

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 28

Excess mucus present in peritoneum

Usually metastasized from appendix tumor

Question 29

What can result from a metastasized appendecal tumor?

Answer 29

Pseudomyxoma peritonei