Ovary (Pathoma) Flashcards
Basic fuxnal unit of the ovary
Follicle
Actions of LH, FSH and estradiol on granulosa and/or theca cells
LH: Induces androgen pdtion in theca cells
FSH: Induces conversion of androgen to estradiol in granulosa cells=> starts proliferative phase
Estradiol: Induces LH surge (ovulation)=> starts secretory phase
Hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst
Due to hemorrhage into corpus luteum
Seen during early pregnancy
Follicular cysts
Due to degeneration of follicles
Common in women.
No clinical significance
PCOS Classic presentation Risk for DM or nah? Cause Increased risk for cancer?
Classic symptoms: Young obese woman with infertility, hirsutism and oligomenorrhea
May have insulin resistance and develop DM in 10-15 years
Due to hormone imbalance: High LH+ Low FSH (LH:FSH>2)
Cystic degeneration of follicles (due to low FSH)
Increased risk for endometrial cancer (high estrone levels)
Types of ovarian cells types
Surface epithelium
Germ cells
Sex cord stroma
Surface epithelial tumors
- Frequency
- Cell type
- Benign, malignant or borderline
Most common (70% of cases) From coelomic epithelium lining the ovary. Also found in fallopian tube (serous) and mucinous in endometrium and endocervix. 2 types: -Benign: cystadenoma -Malignant: Cystadenocarcinoma
Cystadenoma
Single cyst with single flat lining
Common in premenopausal women (30-40)
Cystadenocarcinoma
Multiple cysts, shaggy lining, cells invade CT
Common in postmenopausal women
What kinds of cancers are BRCA1 mutation carriers susceptible to?
Increased risk for breast, oviduct and ovarian cancers.
Serous!
Endometroid tumor
Usually malignant
Associated with endometriosis
15% of patients also have endometrial cancer
Brenner tumor
Contains urothelium (bladder cells)
Group of women which tends to have germ cell tumors
Women of reproductive age
Cystic teratoma
Different germ layers
Composed of fetal tissue, bilateral, benign
Stuma ovarii
Cystic teratoma composed mainly of thyroid tissue
Embryonal carcinoma
Composed of large primitive cells, aggressive with early metastasis
Yolk sac tumor
Endodermal sinus tumor
High AFP
Schiller-Duval bodies
Most common GC tumor in kids
Yolk sac tumor lab and histology findings
High AFP
Schiller-Duval bodies on histology
Dysgerminoma
Tumor of germ cells
LDH seen in serum
What is the male version of a dysgeminoma
A seminoma
Choriocarcinoma
Small hemorrhagic tumor of placental tissue
Composed of synctiotrophoblasts and trophoblasts
High B-hCG
Early hematogenous spread
Sex cord stromal tumor types
Granulosa-theca cell tumors
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor findings
Reinke crystals and hirsutism
Granulosa-Theca cell tumor xtics
Produce estrogen
Symptoms resemble estrogen excess
Fibroma
Benign tumor of fibroblasts
Associated with pleural effusions and ascites (Meig’s syndrome)
Meig’s syndrome findings
Ascites and pleural effusions
Kruckenberg tumor origin
Primary site: Gastric carcinoma, boobs, colon
Mucinous signet ring cells seen on histology
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Excess mucus present in peritoneum
Usually metastasized from appendix tumor
What can result from a metastasized appendecal tumor?
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
