Ovarian Cysts Flashcards
5 categories of ovarian cyst
Functional Inflammatory Germ cell Epithelial Sex cord stromal
What are functional cysts?
Hormone-releasing
Follicular of corpus luteum cysts, due to non-rupture of a follicle
Usually harmless + short-lived
What age group are functional cysts most common in?
Reproductive age
First line investigation
Transvaginal USS
How may corpus luteum cysts present?
Pain due to rupture + haemorrhage (usually late in cycle)
Management of corpus luteum cyst
Usually expectant + analgesia
Most common cause of inflammatory cysts
PID (tubo-ovarian abscess)
What are endometriomas AKA?
Appearance on USS
‘Chocolate cysts’
‘Ground glass’ appearance
Most common ovarian tumours in young women
Peak age
Germ cell tumours (benign teratoma)
Peak age: ealy 20s
What is the most common benign teratoma
Dermoid cyst - contains multiple tissue types
How may ovarian torsion present? Why is this?
Acute onset pain + nausea
Cuts off blood supply to the ovarian tissue
What surgical management may torsion require?
Complete oophorectomy
What age group are most commonly affected by epithelial tumours?
Peri-menopause (increased risk with age)
Two types of sex cord stromal cysts
Fibroma + thecoma
Fibromas:
Most common in…
May present with… (why)
Older women
Torsion (due to heaviness of ovary)
Meig syndrome (3 components)
Pleural effusion
Ascites
Ovarian fibroma
What are thecomas?
When do they present?
What symptoms?
Inc risk of…
Oestrogen-secreting benign cysts
Post-menopause
Manifestations of excess oestrogen production (e.g. PMB)
May induce endometrial carcinoma (inc oestrogen exposure)
