Ovarian Cysts

Question 1

5 categories of ovarian cyst

Answer 1

Functional
Inflammatory
Germ cell
Epithelial
Sex cord stromal

Question 2

What are functional cysts?

Answer 2

Hormone-releasing
Follicular of corpus luteum cysts, due to non-rupture of a follicle
Usually harmless + short-lived

Question 3

What age group are functional cysts most common in?

Answer 3

Reproductive age

Question 4

First line investigation

Answer 4

Transvaginal USS

Question 5

How may corpus luteum cysts present?

Answer 5

Pain due to rupture + haemorrhage (usually late in cycle)

Question 6

Management of corpus luteum cyst

Answer 6

Usually expectant + analgesia

Question 7

Most common cause of inflammatory cysts

Answer 7

PID (tubo-ovarian abscess)

Question 8

What are endometriomas AKA?

Appearance on USS

Answer 8

‘Chocolate cysts’

‘Ground glass’ appearance

Question 9

Most common ovarian tumours in young women

Peak age

Answer 9

Germ cell tumours (benign teratoma)

Peak age: ealy 20s

Question 10

What is the most common benign teratoma

Answer 10

Dermoid cyst - contains multiple tissue types

Question 11

How may ovarian torsion present? Why is this?

Answer 11

Acute onset pain + nausea

Cuts off blood supply to the ovarian tissue

Question 12

What surgical management may torsion require?

Answer 12

Complete oophorectomy

Question 13

What age group are most commonly affected by epithelial tumours?

Answer 13

Peri-menopause (increased risk with age)

Question 14

Two types of sex cord stromal cysts

Answer 14

Fibroma + thecoma

Question 15

Fibromas:
Most common in…
May present with… (why)

Answer 15

Older women

Torsion (due to heaviness of ovary)

Question 16

Meig syndrome (3 components)

Answer 16

Pleural effusion
Ascites
Ovarian fibroma

Question 17

What are thecomas?
When do they present?
What symptoms?
Inc risk of…

Answer 17

Oestrogen-secreting benign cysts
Post-menopause
Manifestations of excess oestrogen production (e.g. PMB)
May induce endometrial carcinoma (inc oestrogen exposure)