Ovarian cancer

Question 1

Most common type of Ovarian malignant tumor ?

Answer 1

Epithelial tumors - 90% of cases

Question 2

Insurgence of the epithelial tumors of the ovary ?

Answer 2

Extra-gonadal parts like the tubal cells

Question 3

What is the most frequent histotype among epithelial tumors of the ovary?

Answer 3

Serous tumors

50%, usually they are bilateral

Question 4

What is the frequency of the mucinous tumors (epithelial tumors subtype) ?

Answer 4

12%
almost always monolateral

Question 5

What are the sub-groups of the mucinous tumors in ovarian cancer?

Answer 5

1. Endocervical like
2. Intestinal like (less common)

Question 6

What is the frequency of the endometroidal tumors (subtype of epithelial ovarian tumors) ?

Answer 6

15%

They are typical of the advanced age, unilateral, and can be associated to endometrial cancer

Question 7

What are the associated genetic factors of the ovarian cancer?

Answer 7

• BRCA-1 and/or BRCA-2
• Lynch Syndrome

5% of the epithelial ovarian tumors are derived from the presence fo specific gene mutations

Question 8

Most frequent sites of metastasis of ovarian cancer?

Answer 8

Lungs and Liver

Rarely also to brain, skin, and bone

Question 9

What is the principal tumoral marker of ovarian cancer?

Answer 9

CA-125

Elevated in 80% of patients with ovary cancer in stage III-IV

*** Can be seen also in endometriosis

Question 10

What is the second marker we use in ovarian cancer, especially in serous subtype?

Answer 10

HE-4

Question 11

FIGO Classification: I

Answer 11

Tumor that is limited to the ovaries

Question 12

FIGO Classification: II

Answer 12

Tumor that involves both of the ovaries with pelvic extension

Question 13

Figo Classification: III

Answer 13

• Tumor that involves one or both of the ovaries with extrapelvic peritoneal metastasis and/or retroperitoneal or inguinal positive lymph nodes
• Metastasis on the hepatic surface
• Pelvis limited tumor, but with histologic demonsration of metastasis in the omentum and/or small intestine

Question 14

FIGO Classification: IV

Answer 14

• Distant metastasis.
• Pleural effusion with positive cytology
• Parenchymal hepatic metastasis

Question 15

Figo Classification: III

• Tumor that involves ______ or _____ of the ovaries with ___________ __________ metastasis and/or _______________ or inguinal positive lymph nodes

Answer 15

• Tumor that involves one or both of the ovaries with extrapelvic peritoneal metastasis and/or retroperitoneal or inguinal positive lymph nodes

Question 16

Figo Classification: III
- Metastasis on the _________ surface
- ____________ limited tumor, but with histologic demonsration of metastasis in the ____________ and/or ___________________

Answer 16

• Metastasis on the hepatic surface
• Pelvis limited tumor, but with histologic demonsration of metastasis in the omentum and/or small intestine

Question 17

Figo Classification: IV
- _____________ metastasis.
- __________ ____________ with positive cytology
- Parenchymal _______________ metastasis

Answer 17

• Distant metastasis.
• Pleural effusion with positive cytology
• Parenchymal hepatic metastasis