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Oncology-Hematology > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the B lymphocytes?

A

Humoral immunity

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2
Q

Function of the T lymphocytes?

A

Cellular mediated immunity

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3
Q

What are the levels of EPO in P.vera?

A

Low

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4
Q

What happends to the production of reticulocytes in case of anemia?

A

Increases (good bone marrow response)

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5
Q

What is the normal level of reticulocytes?

A

< 3%

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6
Q

What is the name of the phenomenon of RBC that have different in size?

A

Anisocytosis

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7
Q

What type of anemia we have with Iron deficiency anemia?

A

Microcytic anemia

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8
Q

What type of anemia we have with vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

MACROcytic anemia

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9
Q

Is the RDW affected in Thalassemia?

A

No

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10
Q

1st definition for anemia?

A

Decreased O2 carrying capacity of the blood

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11
Q

2nd definition of anemia?

A

Decreased total RBC mass

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12
Q

3rd definition of anemia?

A

Decreased Hgb, HCT, or RBC concentration

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13
Q

Are S02 and PaO2 affected in anemia?

A

No, the lungs still work, it has no effect

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14
Q

Will the oxygen content be affected in anemia?

A

Yes, because of the decreased Hb concentration

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15
Q

Clinical signs of Anemia?

A

Tired and pale, pale and tired.

Dyspnea
Dizziness
Flow murmer (Because of low viscosity in the blood)

the other murmer is ORGANIC (not related)

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16
Q

Heme is made of?

A

Iron + Protoporphyrin

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17
Q

What is the difference between anemia of chronic disease and Iron deficiency anemia?

A

in anemia of chronic disease you have iron but can not use

In the second one you don’t have Iron

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18
Q

Fe 2+ carry ________

A

O2

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19
Q

what is the MCC of anemia worlwide?

A

Iron deficiency

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20
Q

Nail manifestation of Iron deficiency anemia?

A

Koilonychia

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21
Q

Iron deficiency effect on the urine?

A

Beeturia

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22
Q

Can i rely on Ferritin for labs in anemia if i have an ongoing inflammation?

A

No (Ferritin is an acute phase reactant)

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23
Q

Treatment for iron deficiency anemia?

A
  1. Oral ferrous sulfate
  2. IM or IV Iron
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24
Q

What is the other name of “Anemia of chronic disease”?

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation

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25
Q

What is the defect in Sideroblastic anemia?

A

Protoporphyrin synthesis

26
Q

Causes for sideroblastic anemia?

A

B6 deficiency
Alcoholism

27
Q

What do we see in the labs of sideroblastic anemia?

A

High Iron
Ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow

28
Q

What treatment can help sideroblastic anemia?

A

Supplement of B6

29
Q

Macrocytic anemia is divided into two types ;

A
  1. Megaloblastic
  2. Non-megaloblastic
30
Q

How does Megaloblastic anemia differs from Non-megaloblastic ?

A

Megaloblastic has hypersegmented Neutrophils

31
Q

causes for the megaloblastic anemia ?

A

Folate def
B12 def

32
Q

What are the causes for Non-megaloblastic anemia ?

A

Liver disease
Drugs
Alcohol

33
Q

By definition, what is the MCV of macrocytic anemia?

A

>100

34
Q

Does RNA synthesis and protein synthesis affected in Macrocytic anemia?

A

No (But DNA synthesis does!!!)

35
Q

What is the most common neurological sequlae in B12 deficiency?

A

Peripheral neuritis

36
Q

which one, B12 def, or Folate def has neurological symptoms?

A

B12 def

37
Q

What is the mcc for Non-megaloblastic anemia?

A

Alcoholism

38
Q

3 main reasons for normocytic anemia?

A

Acute blood loss
Underproduction
Hemolysis

39
Q

In what stage of CKD anemia will begin?

A

Stage 3 of CKD

40
Q

Causes of anemia in CKD?

A

Relative EPO deficiency
Chronic inflammation

41
Q

What type of anemia is Hereditary Shperocytosis?

A

Hemolytic anemia

42
Q

3 important signs for Hereditary spherocytosis?

A
  1. Jaundice
  2. Splenomegaly
  3. Dark stones in gallbladder
43
Q

what proteins have defect in Hereditary spherocytosis?

A

Spectrin
Ankyrin
Band 3

44
Q

What is the defect in sickle cell anemia?

A

Defect in the beta globin chains

45
Q

what is the type of mutation present in sickle cell disease?

A

Non-consverative Missence point mutation (Glutamine substituted by Valine)

46
Q

What happends to HbS in sickle cell anemia when it is deoxygenated?

A

HbS polymerizes, causing deformation of erythrocytes (“sickling”)

47
Q

Heinz bodies are typical of ?

A

G6PD deficiency

48
Q

Which antibody is involved in warm AIHA?

A

IgG

Warm weather is Great

49
Q

Which antibody is involved in cold AIHA?

A

IgM

Cold ice cream is yuMMy

50
Q

What type of hemolysis we have in AIHA warm autoantibodies ?

A

Extravascular

51
Q

Autoimmune hemolysis TRIAD ?

A
  1. Rapid drop of Hb
  2. Jaundice
  3. Splenomegaly
52
Q

what is the gold standard test for AIHA with warm aotoantibodies?

A

Direct coomb’s test

53
Q

What type of hemolysis do we have in cold AIHA?

A

Intravascular

54
Q

What agents can cause cold agglutinin syndrome?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae or EBV infection

55
Q

What triggers the Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia?

A

low body temperature and/or cold ambient temperatures

56
Q

Most important sign of Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia?

A

Painful cyanosis of the extremities (acrocyanosis)

57
Q

What is a positive test for direct coombs test for Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia?

A

DAT positive for C3d

58
Q

In which AIHA (hot/cold) do we see spherocytes?

A

Spherocytes may be seen in both cold AIHA and warm AIHA.
However, abundant spherocytosis is characteristic of warm AIHA.

59
Q

Long term therapy for Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia?

A

rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody)

60
Q

Do we recommend splenectomy for cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia?

A

Splenectomy is not recommended for cold AIHA.

It is not effective as most extravascular hemolysis occurs in the liver

Oncology-Hematology (11 decks)

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