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Oncology-Hematology > Hematology general > Flashcards

Hematology general Flashcards

1
Q

There are two types of WBC

A

Granulocytes and lymphocytes

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2
Q

What is the percentage of blood of the total body weight of adults ?

A

∼ 7% of the total body weight of adults

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3
Q

Blood composition

A

Plasma: ∼ 55%
Blood cells: ∼ 45%

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4
Q

what is the percentage of plasma in blood ?

A

∼ 55%

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5
Q

what is the percentage of blood cells in blood ?

A

∼ 45%

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6
Q

what is the liquid constituent of blood ?

A

Plasma

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7
Q

What is the compostion of plasma ?

A

water, plasma proteins (including coagulation factors), electrolytes, hormones, and other bioactive substances

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8
Q

What is the main function of the bone marrow ?

A

Hematopoiesis

  • Filters aging RBCs
  • Houses immune cells (e.g., plasma cells)
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9
Q

How many types of bone marrow we have ?

A

Two, Red marrow and Yellow marrow

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10
Q

multipotent hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into either __________________________

A

Myeloid or lymphoid precursor cells

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11
Q

Myeloid precursor cells develop into ?

A

Erythrocytes, Granulocytes, or Megakaryocytes.

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12
Q

What is the percentage of Granulocytes among the WBCs ?

A

40-60%

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13
Q

What are the differntiated cells of Granulocytes ?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

BEN

Of which neutrophils are the most common.

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14
Q

Which hematopoietic cell produces plateletes ?

A

Megakaryocytes

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15
Q

Lymphoid precursor cells develop into ?

A

Lymphocytes or Natural killer cells

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16
Q

Marker of hematopoietic cells ?

A

CD34

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17
Q

What is the reference range of RBC count in men ?

A

♂ : 4.3–5.9 million/mm3

18
Q

What is the reference range of RBC count in women ?

A

♀ : 3.5–5.5 million/mm3

19
Q

RR Hemoglobin (Hb) in women ?

A

12–16 g/dL

20
Q

RR Hemoglobin (Hb) in men ?

A

13.5–17.5 g/dL

21
Q

What is a common cause for the elevation in RR of RBC count and Hb ?

A

Polycythemia vera

22
Q

What is the “Hematocrit” ?

A

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.

23
Q

Porphyria leads to

A

Impaired Heme synthesis

24
Q

RR of Hematocrit in Men ?

A

♂: 41%–53%

25
Q

RR of Hematocrit in Women ?

A

♀: 36%–46%

26
Q

RR of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

80–100 μm3

27
Q

What are common reasons for reduction of MCV ?

A

Microcytic anemia

e.g., due to:
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia

28
Q

Common cause for elevation of MCV ?

A
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia, e.g., caused by:

Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia, e.g, caused by:

Liver disease
Alcohol use
Hypothyroidism
29
Q

Which blood type is the “Universal acceptor” blood type?

A

AB

30
Q

Which blood type is the “Universal donor”?

A

O

31
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Molecule capable of inducing immune response

32
Q

What should we administer for a Rh-negative pregnant woman?

A

anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis is administered

33
Q

How much can we decrease the Rh-incompatability after routine anti-D prophylaxis?

A

Can decrease the risk of maternal alloimmunization from approx. 15% to 0.1%

in an Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive child

34
Q

What is the Hemolytic disease of the newborn (or Erythroblastosis fetalis)?

A

It is a disease that can affect the fetus of Rh- mother and Rh+ father if the fetus is Rh+.

35
Q

What do we detect with Direct-coomb’s test?

A

Antibodies or complement on surface of RBC

36
Q

What do we detect with Indirect-coombs test?

A

Detects antibodies in the serum

37
Q

Can the indirect coomb’s test detect complement in the serum?

A

No

Complement is only activated only on the surface of the cells

38
Q

What is the coomb’s reagent?

A

Antibodies to human globulin (can be antibodies to IgM, IgG, or complement)

39
Q

what are the stages in Direct coomb’s test?

A

Add the patient’s RBC’s to coomb’s reagent

40
Q

What are the stages in indirect coomb’s test?

A

1) Add patient plasma to RBC’s with known antigen
2) Add coomb’s reagent

41
Q

what is positive test in direct/indirect coombs test?

A

Agglutination

42
Q

When do we use Indirect coombs test?

A

Pre transfusion testing
prenatal antibody screen

Oncology-Hematology (11 decks)

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