Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles Flashcards
1st primordial follicle
primary oocyte surrounded by squamous epithelium
2nd: early primary follicle
single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium
-ZP begins to form
3rd: later primary follicle
several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells
-ZP forms glycoprotein coat around oocyte
4th: secondary follicle
follicular cells continue to proliferate–> stratum granulosm
- stroma turn to theca interna and externa
- fluid filled cavities (call-exner bodies) appear btwn folicular cells (fluid = liquor folliculi)
- rich in HA, antrum begins to form
5th: mature graafian folicle
- antrum occupies much of the space
- oocyte to one side
- corona radiata
- cumulos oophorus
- primary oocyte nearing completion of meoisis 1
control of ovarian follicle development theca, gran, oocyte communication
bidirectional communication btwn:
Theca, granulosa, oocyte
TGF-B ligand paracrine signaling
- GDF-9 and BMP-15
- activin, inhinn, AMH
what cells in the AMH expressed in to inhibit other follicles to grow
granulosa
polycystic ovarian syndrome
enlarged ovaries w/ multiple cysts
- defect in paracrine oocyte granulosa signaling, especially AMH
- infreq or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, obesity
after ovulation the ___ tears and blood fills the antrum, and forms the ___
theca interna
corpus hemorrhagicum
mittelschmerz
mid cycle pain due to ovulation
- follicle ruptures and releases fluid and blood that irritates the surrounding tissues
- can mimic appendicitis
___ secreted at the time of ovulation timultes the ____ to move
what inhibits
estrogen, uterine tubes
progesterone inhibits
corpus luteum constits of what 2 cells that secrete what
granulosa lutein cells: estrogen
Theca lutein cells: progesterone and androstenedione
what is the remnant of CL called without pregnancy
corpus albicans
uterus 3 layers
endometrium: function layer and basal layer
myometrium: 3 layers of SM
perimetrium: simple squamous epithelium
components of endometrium
simple columnar epithelium
-lamina propria, fibroblasts, type III collagen
2 layers of endometrium
stratum functionalis: hormone sens, proliferates and sloughs off
stratum basalis: regenerative, not hormone sensitive
myometrium thickest layer
middle layer, contains arcuate arteries “stratum vasculare”
- no change with menstrual cycle
- underoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy
endometrial blood supply
uterine a–>arcuate a (in myometrium)—> straight a
—-> spiral a
straight artery supplies __
spiral artery supplies __
staight = stratum basilis spiral = stratum functionalis (have to regrow every month)
leiomyoma
- uterine fibroid
- benign tumor that arise from overgrowth of SM and CT in uterus
- genetic
treating leiomyoma
- myomectomy (remove fibroids, preserve uterus)
- hysterectomy
- uterine artery embolization: cuts off blood supply to fibroids, decrease their size
- use polyvinyal alcohol particles
proliferative phase of menstrual cycle
goes with folicular phase
- functional layer begins to thicken
- spiral arteries are short and deep
- endometrial glands short, straight, empty (no glyc)
secretory phase
functional layer very thick
- spiral arteries long
- glands tortuous and filled with glycogen
menstrual phase
regression of CL bc no more estrogen and progest
- spiral arteries contract and decrease O2 = necrosis
- neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltrate
dysmenorrhea
painful cramps 1-2 days before menstrual bleeding
-prostaglandins released from endometrial cells = uterine contraction = pain
persistent mullerian duct syndrome
PMDS
-46 XY male
defect in AMH gene or receptor
turner syndrome will have __
atrophic ovaries, treat w/ estrogen
clinical considerations cervix
transitional zone from cervix (simple columnar) to vagina (strat squam non kerat) predisposed to devolping dysplasias which can become CIN and then invasive carcinoma
-HPV can facilitate this
what strands of HPV cause most cervical cancer
16/18
what strands of HPV cause most genital warts
6 and 11
