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Reproduction > Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles > Flashcards

Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

1st primordial follicle

A

primary oocyte surrounded by squamous epithelium

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2
Q

2nd: early primary follicle

A

single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium

-ZP begins to form

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3
Q

3rd: later primary follicle

A

several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells

-ZP forms glycoprotein coat around oocyte

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4
Q

4th: secondary follicle

A

follicular cells continue to proliferate–> stratum granulosm

  • stroma turn to theca interna and externa
  • fluid filled cavities (call-exner bodies) appear btwn folicular cells (fluid = liquor folliculi)
  • rich in HA, antrum begins to form
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5
Q

5th: mature graafian folicle

A
  • antrum occupies much of the space
  • oocyte to one side
  • corona radiata
  • cumulos oophorus
  • primary oocyte nearing completion of meoisis 1
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6
Q

control of ovarian follicle development theca, gran, oocyte communication

A

bidirectional communication btwn:

Theca, granulosa, oocyte

TGF-B ligand paracrine signaling

  • GDF-9 and BMP-15
  • activin, inhinn, AMH
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7
Q

what cells in the AMH expressed in to inhibit other follicles to grow

A

granulosa

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8
Q

polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

enlarged ovaries w/ multiple cysts

  • defect in paracrine oocyte granulosa signaling, especially AMH
  • infreq or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, obesity
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9
Q

after ovulation the ___ tears and blood fills the antrum, and forms the ___

A

theca interna

corpus hemorrhagicum

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10
Q

mittelschmerz

A

mid cycle pain due to ovulation

  • follicle ruptures and releases fluid and blood that irritates the surrounding tissues
  • can mimic appendicitis
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11
Q

___ secreted at the time of ovulation timultes the ____ to move
what inhibits

A

estrogen, uterine tubes

progesterone inhibits

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12
Q

corpus luteum constits of what 2 cells that secrete what

A

granulosa lutein cells: estrogen

Theca lutein cells: progesterone and androstenedione

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13
Q

what is the remnant of CL called without pregnancy

A

corpus albicans

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14
Q

uterus 3 layers

A

endometrium: function layer and basal layer
myometrium: 3 layers of SM
perimetrium: simple squamous epithelium

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15
Q

components of endometrium

A

simple columnar epithelium

-lamina propria, fibroblasts, type III collagen

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16
Q

2 layers of endometrium

A

stratum functionalis: hormone sens, proliferates and sloughs off

stratum basalis: regenerative, not hormone sensitive

17
Q

myometrium thickest layer

A

middle layer, contains arcuate arteries “stratum vasculare”

  • no change with menstrual cycle
  • underoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy
18
Q

endometrial blood supply

A

uterine a–>arcuate a (in myometrium)—> straight a

—-> spiral a

19
Q

straight artery supplies __

spiral artery supplies __

A 
staight = stratum basilis
spiral = stratum functionalis (have to regrow every month)
20
Q

leiomyoma

A
  • uterine fibroid
  • benign tumor that arise from overgrowth of SM and CT in uterus
  • genetic
21
Q

treating leiomyoma

A
  • myomectomy (remove fibroids, preserve uterus)
  • hysterectomy
  • uterine artery embolization: cuts off blood supply to fibroids, decrease their size
  • use polyvinyal alcohol particles
22
Q

proliferative phase of menstrual cycle

A

goes with folicular phase

  • functional layer begins to thicken
  • spiral arteries are short and deep
  • endometrial glands short, straight, empty (no glyc)
23
Q

secretory phase

A

functional layer very thick

  • spiral arteries long
  • glands tortuous and filled with glycogen
24
Q

menstrual phase

A

regression of CL bc no more estrogen and progest

  • spiral arteries contract and decrease O2 = necrosis
  • neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltrate
25
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful cramps 1-2 days before menstrual bleeding

-prostaglandins released from endometrial cells = uterine contraction = pain

26
Q

persistent mullerian duct syndrome

A

PMDS
-46 XY male
defect in AMH gene or receptor

27
Q

turner syndrome will have __

A

atrophic ovaries, treat w/ estrogen

28
Q

clinical considerations cervix

A

transitional zone from cervix (simple columnar) to vagina (strat squam non kerat) predisposed to devolping dysplasias which can become CIN and then invasive carcinoma

-HPV can facilitate this

29
Q

what strands of HPV cause most cervical cancer

A

16/18

30
Q

what strands of HPV cause most genital warts

A

6 and 11

Reproduction (15 decks)

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