male reproductive system histology

Question 1

seminiferous tubules are composed of 3 layers

Answer 1

tunica propria outer layer
basal lamina
seminiferous epithelium

Question 2

sertoli cell function

Answer 2

tall branched columnar cells

• physical support
• phagocytosis of cytoplasm
• secretion: fluid for sperm transport, ABP, inhibin, and AMH
• nutritional regulation

Question 3

sertoli cells form ___ which protect spermatogonium and divide seminferous tubules into 2 compartments:

Answer 3

tight junctions
basal comp
adluminal comp

Question 4

sertoli cell only syndrome

Answer 4

spermatogenic cells absent
leydig cells with reinke crystalloids (also seen in leydig cell tumors)
-congenit or acquired

Question 5

spermatgonia form from

Answer 5

mitotic divisions

Question 6

2nd stage spermatogenesis

Answer 6

spermatagonia copy DNA so now 46, 4N = primary spermatocyte

Question 7

after completeion of first meiotic division ___ spermatocytes form

Answer 7

secondary with haploid chrom but diploid for DNA

Question 8

spermatids

Answer 8

products of second meiotic division

• haploid for both chromosome number and DNA
• small cells w/ heterochromatic nuclei

Question 9

spermatozoa features

Answer 9

dark, flattened nuclei
long flagella
haploid for both chrom number and DNA

Question 10

spermiogenesis 4 events

Answer 10

development of flagellum
development of acrosome
development of manchette
nuclear condensation

Question 11

4 phases of acrosome development

Answer 11

1) golgi phase: acrosome contents towards head, centrioles towards tail
2) cap phase: head becomes pointed and elongated, hydrolytic enzymes all towards head, one centriole has flagellum start to grow out

3) acrosomal phase: flagellum emerges from axonemal complex of one centriole to form tail other forms ring that surround axoneme, band of microtubules surround nucleus = manchette
- manchette collapses down nucleus and allow it to change shape

4) maturation: nucleus flattens and elongates, lose contents but mitochondria, lost cytoplasm phagocytosed by sertoli cells, sperm released into lumen

Question 12

primary ciliary dyskinesia or immotile cilia syndrome or kartagener’s syndrome

Answer 12

no dynein arms for cilia, flagella can’t beat properly

-infertile

Question 13

oligospermia =
hypospermia =

-deletion of ___ region on ___ chromosome can cause this

Answer 13

oligo = less than 15 million sperm/mL
hypospermia = decrease in fluid volume

AZF region on Y chrom

Question 14

varicocele

Answer 14

dilation of veins in spermatic cord, decrease in sperm production

Question 15

mumps can lead to what

Answer 15

acute orchitis, infection of testis

Question 16

path from seminiferous tubules to ductus

Answer 16

seminiferous tubules–>stragiht tubules–>rete testes—>efferent ductule–>epididymis–>ductus deferns

Question 17

straight tubules/rete testis cells

Answer 17

low cuboidal, fibroblast, myoid cells for peristalsis

Question 18

efferent ductules cell type

Answer 18

mixed epithelium tall ciliated columnar and low cuboidal/microvilli principal cells (absorb testicular fluid)

Question 19

epididymis cells

Answer 19

pseudostrat ciliated columnar epithelium
sheat of circular SM
peristaltic contractions propel sperm towards duct def

Question 20

3 main functions of epididymis

Answer 20

sperm transport to tail for storage
storage until ejaculation
maturation of sperm

Question 21

seminal vesicles secrete

Answer 21

alkaline fluid rich in fructose
citrate, prostaglandins and proteins for coag of semen
-60-70% of human ejaculate

Question 22

what is the prostate surrounded by

Answer 22

dense irregular CT capsule and SM

-prostate can act as musuclar pump to force prostatic fluid to mix into seminal fluid during ejac

Question 23

prostate secretions

Answer 23

30% seminal fluid
-nutrients for sperm
prostatic acid phosphatase
PSA to maintain semen fluidity, anticoag
antibiotic fnct

Question 24

what is the formation syn and relase of prostate secretions regulated by?

Answer 24

DHT

Question 25

what prostate secretion is elevated in people with prostate cancer

Answer 25

PSA

Question 26

how can you definitely recognize prostate

Answer 26

corpora amylacea

lamaellated bodies form precipitation of secretory material that becomes calcified

Question 27

what zone of prostate is effected in BPH

Answer 27

central

Question 28

what zone of prostate is usually where prostate cancer forms

Answer 28

peripheral

Question 29

BPH/prostate adenocarcinoma

Answer 29

urethral obstruction leads to hypertrohpy of detrusor muscle, eventually decompensates, bladder tone decreases and bladder dilates
-may form vesicoureteral reflux, increased UTI

Question 30

bulbouretral glands are where, open where, and secrete what

Answer 30

superior to perineal membrane
open into spongy urethra
secrete mucus like secretions to lubricate urethra