male reproductive system histology Flashcards
seminiferous tubules are composed of 3 layers
tunica propria outer layer
basal lamina
seminiferous epithelium
sertoli cell function
tall branched columnar cells
- physical support
- phagocytosis of cytoplasm
- secretion: fluid for sperm transport, ABP, inhibin, and AMH
- nutritional regulation
sertoli cells form ___ which protect spermatogonium and divide seminferous tubules into 2 compartments:
tight junctions
basal comp
adluminal comp
sertoli cell only syndrome
spermatogenic cells absent
leydig cells with reinke crystalloids (also seen in leydig cell tumors)
-congenit or acquired
spermatgonia form from
mitotic divisions
2nd stage spermatogenesis
spermatagonia copy DNA so now 46, 4N = primary spermatocyte
after completeion of first meiotic division ___ spermatocytes form
secondary with haploid chrom but diploid for DNA
spermatids
products of second meiotic division
- haploid for both chromosome number and DNA
- small cells w/ heterochromatic nuclei
spermatozoa features
dark, flattened nuclei
long flagella
haploid for both chrom number and DNA
spermiogenesis 4 events
development of flagellum
development of acrosome
development of manchette
nuclear condensation
4 phases of acrosome development
1) golgi phase: acrosome contents towards head, centrioles towards tail
2) cap phase: head becomes pointed and elongated, hydrolytic enzymes all towards head, one centriole has flagellum start to grow out
3) acrosomal phase: flagellum emerges from axonemal complex of one centriole to form tail other forms ring that surround axoneme, band of microtubules surround nucleus = manchette
- manchette collapses down nucleus and allow it to change shape
4) maturation: nucleus flattens and elongates, lose contents but mitochondria, lost cytoplasm phagocytosed by sertoli cells, sperm released into lumen
primary ciliary dyskinesia or immotile cilia syndrome or kartagener’s syndrome
no dynein arms for cilia, flagella can’t beat properly
-infertile
oligospermia =
hypospermia =
-deletion of ___ region on ___ chromosome can cause this
oligo = less than 15 million sperm/mL hypospermia = decrease in fluid volume
AZF region on Y chrom
varicocele
dilation of veins in spermatic cord, decrease in sperm production
mumps can lead to what
acute orchitis, infection of testis
path from seminiferous tubules to ductus
seminiferous tubules–>stragiht tubules–>rete testes—>efferent ductule–>epididymis–>ductus deferns
straight tubules/rete testis cells
low cuboidal, fibroblast, myoid cells for peristalsis
efferent ductules cell type
mixed epithelium tall ciliated columnar and low cuboidal/microvilli principal cells (absorb testicular fluid)
epididymis cells
pseudostrat ciliated columnar epithelium
sheat of circular SM
peristaltic contractions propel sperm towards duct def
3 main functions of epididymis
sperm transport to tail for storage
storage until ejaculation
maturation of sperm
seminal vesicles secrete
alkaline fluid rich in fructose
citrate, prostaglandins and proteins for coag of semen
-60-70% of human ejaculate
what is the prostate surrounded by
dense irregular CT capsule and SM
-prostate can act as musuclar pump to force prostatic fluid to mix into seminal fluid during ejac
prostate secretions
30% seminal fluid -nutrients for sperm prostatic acid phosphatase PSA to maintain semen fluidity, anticoag antibiotic fnct
what is the formation syn and relase of prostate secretions regulated by?
DHT
what prostate secretion is elevated in people with prostate cancer
PSA
how can you definitely recognize prostate
corpora amylacea
lamaellated bodies form precipitation of secretory material that becomes calcified
what zone of prostate is effected in BPH
central
what zone of prostate is usually where prostate cancer forms
peripheral
BPH/prostate adenocarcinoma
urethral obstruction leads to hypertrohpy of detrusor muscle, eventually decompensates, bladder tone decreases and bladder dilates
-may form vesicoureteral reflux, increased UTI
bulbouretral glands are where, open where, and secrete what
superior to perineal membrane
open into spongy urethra
secrete mucus like secretions to lubricate urethra
