- oocyte ruptures out of the Graafian follicle - occurs mid cycle - in response to a surge in LH

Ovarian And Menstral Cycles - COLE Flashcards by Garrett Gilbert

What phase are secondary oocytes held in until fertilization?

Metaphase II

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What phase are primary OOcytes held in until ovulation?

Meiosis I

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3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

1) Follicular phase (days 1-14)
2) Ovulation
3) Luteal (days 15-28)

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Describe follicular phase?

Growth of the dominant follicle

- Primordial to tertiary (Graafian follicles)

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Describe ovulation

oocyte ruptures out of the Graafian follicle
occurs mid cycle
in response to a surge in LH

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Describe the Luteal phase

Corpus Luteum forms, secretes progesterone and estrogen to accommodate potential gestation
relatively constant duration (14 days)

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What does the corpus Luteum become as it degenerates?

Corpus albicans which is basically a scar that is removed by the ovary

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Describe a primordial follicle

Oocyte surrounded by squamous epithelium

- BEFORE puberty; inactive follicle

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Describe an early primary or unilayered follicle

single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium

- Zona pellucida begins to form

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Describe a late Primary or multilayered follicle

several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells

- Zona Pellucida forms glycoproteins coat around oocyte

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What happens as the primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle? -Note that this is still a primary oocyte

Fluid filled cavities begin to form (fluid is called Liquor folliculi and the cavities are called Call-Exner bodies)
formation of an ANTRUM
Stroma around the follicle form a 2 layered capsule called theca interna and theca externa

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Describe a mature (Graafian or tertiary follicle)

Ovum is moved to one side and sits on a pedestal called CUMULUS OOPHORUS
Ovum is surrounded by corona radiata

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The control of ovarian follicle development is by what family

TGF-beta superfamily

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What is expressed by the granulosa cells that inhibits the growth of other follicles?

AMH

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As the ovum is ovulated, the blood vessels from the theca interna invade the left over Antrum. What is this bloody scar called?

Corpus hemorrhagicum

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What is the name of mid ovulation pain that causes discomfort in the lower abdomen due to peritoneal irritation from released fluid and blood and can mimic appendicitis?

Mittelscherz

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What stimulates Tubal motility? (The uterine tube moving towards the ovary during ovulation)

Estrogen

What inhibits tubal motility?

Progesterone

What simulates the Corpus Luteum to synthesize and secrete steroid hormones?

HCG (human coriongonadotropin)

What do the follicular or Granulosa Cells (Lutein) of the corpus Luteum make?

Estrogen

What do the Theca Lutein cells of the corpus Luteum make?

Androstenedione and progesterone

What sends a signal to the corpus Luteum and if it fails to do so it will degrade into the corpus albicans?

Placenta

What layer of the uterus is rebuilt every month during the menstral cycle?

Functional layer (stratum functionalis) of the endometrium

Is the stratum functionalis of the endometrium hormone sensitive?

Yes

Is the stratum basalis of the endometrium hormone sensitive?

The middle layer of the myometrium contains what?

Arcuate arteries "stratum vasculare"

The uterine artery gives off what in the myometrium?

Arcuate arteries

Arcuate arteries give off what?

Straight arteries and spiral (helical) arteries

The straight arteries off the arcuate artery supplies what?

Stratum basalis of endometrium

The spiral arteries off the arcuate artery supplies what?

Stratum funcionalis

Benign tumors that arise from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue in the uterus?

Leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)

How do you treat a uterine fibroid if the patient doesn't want to have children?

Hysterectomy

How do you treat a uterine fibroid if the patient still wants to have children?

Myomectomy

How can you treat a uterine fibroid if the patient doesn't want to have surgery?

Uterine artery embolization

Name the 3 (or 4) phases of the menstral cycle

-Proliferative phase -Secretory phase (-ischemic phase- -Menstral phase

Describe the Proliferative phase of the menstral cycle

- Functional layer of the endometrium begins to thicken - spiral arteries are short and deep - endometrial glands are short and straight and empty

Describe the secretory phase of the menstral cycle

- functional layer is very thick - Spiral arteries are long and growing superficially in the endometrium - endometrial glands are tortuous and are filled with glycogen rich secretory products

What initiates the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

Regression of the corpus Luteum because no fertilization occurred so there is a decrease in estrogen and progesterone

Describe the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle

- spiral arteries begin contraction to the junction of straight arteries - decreased oxygen to functional layer - necrosis - endometrial glands necrose and detach from functional layer - Neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltrate - shedding of endometrial lining

Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus?

Endometriosis

What are painful periods called?

Dysmenorrhea

What is released from the endometrial cells that causes dysmenorrhea?

Prostaglandins - PGE2, PGF2alpha