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Reproductive System > Ovarian And Menstral Cycles - COLE > Flashcards

Ovarian And Menstral Cycles - COLE Flashcards

1
Q

What phase are secondary oocytes held in until fertilization?

A

Metaphase II

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2
Q

What phase are primary OOcytes held in until ovulation?

A

Meiosis I

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3
Q

3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

1) Follicular phase (days 1-14)
2) Ovulation
3) Luteal (days 15-28)

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4
Q

Describe follicular phase?

A
  • Growth of the dominant follicle

- Primordial to tertiary (Graafian follicles)

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5
Q

Describe ovulation

A
  • oocyte ruptures out of the Graafian follicle
  • occurs mid cycle
  • in response to a surge in LH
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6
Q

Describe the Luteal phase

A
  • Corpus Luteum forms, secretes progesterone and estrogen to accommodate potential gestation
  • relatively constant duration (14 days)
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7
Q

What does the corpus Luteum become as it degenerates?

A

Corpus albicans which is basically a scar that is removed by the ovary

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8
Q

Describe a primordial follicle

A
  • Oocyte surrounded by squamous epithelium

- BEFORE puberty; inactive follicle

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9
Q

Describe an early primary or unilayered follicle

A
  • single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium

- Zona pellucida begins to form

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10
Q

Describe a late Primary or multilayered follicle

A
  • several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells

- Zona Pellucida forms glycoproteins coat around oocyte

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11
Q

What happens as the primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle? -Note that this is still a primary oocyte

A
  • Fluid filled cavities begin to form (fluid is called Liquor folliculi and the cavities are called Call-Exner bodies)
  • formation of an ANTRUM
  • Stroma around the follicle form a 2 layered capsule called theca interna and theca externa
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12
Q

Describe a mature (Graafian or tertiary follicle)

A
  • Ovum is moved to one side and sits on a pedestal called CUMULUS OOPHORUS
  • Ovum is surrounded by corona radiata
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13
Q

The control of ovarian follicle development is by what family

A

TGF-beta superfamily

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14
Q

What is expressed by the granulosa cells that inhibits the growth of other follicles?

A

AMH

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15
Q

As the ovum is ovulated, the blood vessels from the theca interna invade the left over Antrum. What is this bloody scar called?

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

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16
Q

What is the name of mid ovulation pain that causes discomfort in the lower abdomen due to peritoneal irritation from released fluid and blood and can mimic appendicitis?

A

Mittelscherz

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17
Q

What stimulates Tubal motility? (The uterine tube moving towards the ovary during ovulation)

A

Estrogen

18
Q

What inhibits tubal motility?

A

Progesterone

19
Q

What simulates the Corpus Luteum to synthesize and secrete steroid hormones?

A

HCG (human coriongonadotropin)

20
Q

What do the follicular or Granulosa Cells (Lutein) of the corpus Luteum make?

A

Estrogen

21
Q

What do the Theca Lutein cells of the corpus Luteum make?

A

Androstenedione and progesterone

22
Q

What sends a signal to the corpus Luteum and if it fails to do so it will degrade into the corpus albicans?

A

Placenta

23
Q

What layer of the uterus is rebuilt every month during the menstral cycle?

A

Functional layer (stratum functionalis) of the endometrium

24
Q

Is the stratum functionalis of the endometrium hormone sensitive?

A

Yes

25
Q

Is the stratum basalis of the endometrium hormone sensitive?

A

No

26
Q

The middle layer of the myometrium contains what?

A

Arcuate arteries “stratum vasculare”

27
Q

The uterine artery gives off what in the myometrium?

A

Arcuate arteries

28
Q

Arcuate arteries give off what?

A

Straight arteries and spiral (helical) arteries

29
Q

The straight arteries off the arcuate artery supplies what?

A

Stratum basalis of endometrium

30
Q

The spiral arteries off the arcuate artery supplies what?

A

Stratum funcionalis

31
Q

Benign tumors that arise from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue in the uterus?

A

Leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)

32
Q

How do you treat a uterine fibroid if the patient doesn’t want to have children?

A

Hysterectomy

33
Q

How do you treat a uterine fibroid if the patient still wants to have children?

A

Myomectomy

34
Q

How can you treat a uterine fibroid if the patient doesn’t want to have surgery?

A

Uterine artery embolization

35
Q

Name the 3 (or 4) phases of the menstral cycle

A

-Proliferative phase
-Secretory phase
(-ischemic phase-
-Menstral phase

36
Q

Describe the Proliferative phase of the menstral cycle

A
  • Functional layer of the endometrium begins to thicken
  • spiral arteries are short and deep
  • endometrial glands are short and straight and empty
37
Q

Describe the secretory phase of the menstral cycle

A
  • functional layer is very thick
  • Spiral arteries are long and growing superficially in the endometrium
  • endometrial glands are tortuous and are filled with glycogen rich secretory products
38
Q

What initiates the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Regression of the corpus Luteum because no fertilization occurred so there is a decrease in estrogen and progesterone

39
Q

Describe the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle

A
  • spiral arteries begin contraction to the junction of straight arteries
  • decreased oxygen to functional layer
  • necrosis
  • endometrial glands necrose and detach from functional layer
  • Neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltrate
  • shedding of endometrial lining
40
Q

Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus?

A

Endometriosis

41
Q

What are painful periods called?

A

Dysmenorrhea

42
Q

What is released from the endometrial cells that causes dysmenorrhea?

A

Prostaglandins - PGE2, PGF2alpha

Reproductive System (10 decks)

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