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Reproductive System > Male Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

At what point in a females life does she secrete more LH than FSH?

A

During her adult reproductive period

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2
Q

What is one of the earliest events of puberty?

A

Nocturnal pulses of LH during REM sleep

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3
Q

What is a natural inhibitor of GnRH release and where is it released from?

A

Melatonin; Pineal gland

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4
Q

When are melatonin levels highest?

A

During childhood and decline in adulthood

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5
Q

What are the 3 androgens secreted by the testes?

A
  • testosterone
  • dihydrotestosterone
  • androstenedione
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6
Q

What are fetal Leydig cells responsible for?

A

Masculinization get the male urogenital tract and inducing testis descent

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7
Q

When do Fetal Leydig cells atrophy?

A

Shortly after birth

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8
Q

When do adult Leydig cells become fully steroidogenic?

A

At puberty

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9
Q

What do Leydig cells acquire cholesterol from?

A

Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL) and to a lesser extent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptors

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10
Q

What do Leydig cells store cholesterol as?

A

Cholesterol esters

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11
Q

What is free cholesterol generated by within the testis?

A

Cholesterol hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

-it converts cholesterol esters to free cholesterol

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12
Q

Cholesterol is transferred within the mitochondrial membrane via what?

A

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)

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13
Q

What is cholesterol converted to in Leydig cells?

A

Pregnenolone

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14
Q

What are the 2 enzymes that other tissues use in converting cholesterol to mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids that the testis lack?

A

21 and 11 beta hydroxylase

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15
Q

What is the enzyme that the testes have that converts androstenedione to testosterone?

A

17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

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16
Q

In the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, testosterone is concentrated by binding to what?

A

Androgen binding protein (ABP)

17
Q

What is the main protein that binds testosterone in the blood?

A

Sex hormone Binding globulin (SHBG)

18
Q

During what periods in a females life does she secrete for FSH than LH?

A

Childhood and after her adult reproductive period

19
Q

What hormone promotes Pregnenolone synthesis?

A

LH

20
Q

In what 2 ways does LH promote Pregnenolone synthesis?

A
  • increases affinity of P450SCC (desmolase) for cholesterol

- Long-term action in which it stimulates synthesis of P450SCC

21
Q

What can be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy and male pattern baldness?

A

5alpha-reductase inhibitors

22
Q

What androgen stimulates secretion of the sebaceous gland?

A

DHT

23
Q

What pathway is the LH receptor on Leydig cells coupled with?

A

CAMP-PKA pathway

24
Q

What are Sertoli cells stimulated by?

A

Testosterone and FSH

25
Q

What is estradiol important for in Sertoli cells?

A

Spermatogenesis

26
Q

What kind of inhibin do males have?

A

Inhibin B

27
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Negative feedback to anterior pituitary so inhibit secretion of FSH but NOT to the hypothalamus

28
Q

Where does decapacitation of sperm occur?

A

In the epididymis

29
Q

What does decapacitation of sperm mean?

A

Adding molecules to the membranes of sperm to prevent the acrosomal reaction before contact with the egg

30
Q

What does the seminal vesicles add to ejaculatory fluid that reacts with cervical fluid to make it less thick and also causes backward peristalsis in the uterus and Fallopian tube to move ejaculatory sperm towards the uterus?

A

Prostaglandins

31
Q

Name the disorder: Genetic disorder in which hypothalamic neurons responsible for releasing GnRH fail to migrate into the hypothalamus. Delayed or absent puberty. IMPAIRED SENSE OF SMELL.

A

Kallman’s syndrome

32
Q

Name the disorder: extra X chromosome. Appear normal at birth. At puberty, increased levels of gonadotropins fail to produce normal testicular growth & Spermatogenesis. Androgen production is usually low but gonadotropin levels are high so it is primary hypogonadism. Seminiferous tubules largely destroyed leading to infertility.

A

Klinefelter syndrome

Reproductive System (10 decks)

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