ovarian

Question 1

different type sof cells in ovary

Answer 1

epithelial, germ cells + sex cord - which

may give rise to benign or malignant tumors

Question 2

what is most likley to be the sign of ovarian tumour

Answer 2

chronic pelvic pain or ntoicing a mass , or even dysparenia and a feeling of pressure in the pelvis

Question 3

examples of non functional cytss

Answer 3

endometriosis, dermoid cysts, cystadenomas, +

malignant cysts

Question 4

functional cyst features

Answer 4

rarely grows >10 cm

us- unilocular

Question 5

which types of cysts are common in perimenopausal wormn

Answer 5

epithelial cysts

Question 6

examples of epithelias cysts

Answer 6

cystadenomas, brenner tumor, seroud, papillary

Question 7

sex cord tumours are usually seen in

Answer 7

elderly women

Question 8

seorus vs mucinous cystandenomas

Answer 8

serous - more likely to be bilateral

Question 9

what is thecoma

Answer 9

Estrogen secreting tumors – post menopausal bleeding

Question 10

examples of sex cords

Answer 10

fibroma and thecoma , granulosos , sertoli leydig (which the last 2 are more commonly seen in testicular cancers)

Question 11

examples of germ cells

Answer 11

dysgerminoma, yolk sac,choriocarcinoma , tertatoma

Question 12

which tumours are of premenoupasual women

Answer 12

GERM CELL vs epithela (post menopausal)

Question 13

which type of cancer is more assoiated with PCOS

Answer 13

endometerial cancer

Question 14

prtective factors to ovarian cancer

Answer 14

being ont he oral contraceptives

prophylactic oophorectomy - (but there is still a chance you can devleop it)

Question 15

RF ovarian caner

Answer 15

neevr having kids before
family histoty
pcos?
BRAC 1 BRAC 2

Question 16

GERM CELL TUMOUR FEATURES

Answer 16

Originate from the germ cells in the embryonic gonad.

These tumours typically grow rapidly and spread predominantly via the lymphatic route.

Germ cell tumours most commonly arise in young women, which is atypical for most cases of ovarian cancer.

Tumour markers include alpha-fetoprotein and sometimes beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (B-HCG).

Question 17

Sex cord stromal tumours features

Answer 17

Originate from connective tissue.

They are rare, making up less than 5% of all ovarian tumours. They are malignant tumours, but are much less aggressive than epithelial tumours.

Additionally, ovarian cancer can be secondary to another cancer elsewhere, which has metastasised to the ovary. A Krukenberg tumour refers to a “signet ring” sub-type of tumour, typically gastrointestinal in origin, which has metastasised to the ovary.

Question 18

THE GREAT

Answer 18

the greater the number of ovulations - early menarche and latemenopuase
family history
null parity

Question 19

2 main markers used

Answer 19

CA- 124

HE4

Question 20

bad signs on US

Answer 20

size >5 cm 
irregular 
mutichamberes 
bilateral 
ascites

Question 21

meigns syndrome

Answer 21

the triad of benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion that resolves after resection of the tumor. Ovarian fibromas constitute the majority of the benign tumors seen in Meigs syndrome

Question 22

theca luteal cyst

Answer 22

bilateral cysts usallya nd as as a result of excess B-hcg levels