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Head and Neck > Outer and Middle Ear > Flashcards

Outer and Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is auricular haematoma?

A

Collection of blood below skin of outer ear
Typically due to blunt trauma in sports

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2
Q

What is the management for auricular haematoma?

A

Incision and Drainage
Pressure dressings
Antibiotics to prevent infection

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3
Q

What is the complication of auricular haematoma?

A

Cauliflower ear - deformity of ear after blunt force trauma and formation of fibrous tissue

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4
Q

How is foreign body in ear managed?

A

Removal

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5
Q

Describe the urgency of foreign body in ear

A

Urgent if button battery as corrosive
Organic can be a couple days
Inorganic can be a couple weeks

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6
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of skin and subdermal of external ear canal (External auditory meatus)

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7
Q

What is the management for otitis externa?

A

Antibiotics/ steroids eardrops (topical)
Maybe need suction under microscope

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8
Q

How does otitis externa present?

A

Pain, discharge, itching, and possible hearing loss

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9
Q

What is the prevention for otitis externa?

A

No water or cotton buds

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10
Q

What is ‘malignant’ otitis externa?

A

Not neoplastic but can spread to skull base
Osteomyelitis of temporal bone

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11
Q

What is the presentation of ‘malignant’ otitis externa?

A

Severe pain in elderly diabetic
Granulations in external auditory meatus
Mabye cranial nerve palsies

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12
Q

What is the management of ‘malignant’ otitis externa?

A

Antibiotics for weeks or months

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13
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

Sterile fluid in the middle ear due to low pressure as Eustachian tube isn’t functioning correct so lining secretes mucus - ‘glue ear’

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14
Q

How does otitis media with effusion present?

A

Hearing loss and then could lead to speech delay

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15
Q

What is the management of otitis media with effusion?

A

Observation for 3 months
Otovent - balloon
Grommets - plastic tube

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16
Q

What is acute suppurative otitis media?

A

Pus and inflammation in the middle ear
Usually in children

17
Q

What is the presentation of acute suppurative otitis media?

A

Otalgia - ear pain
Possible Otorrhea - discharge from the ear

18
Q

What is the management of acute suppurative otitis media?

A

Observation and possible antibiotics

19
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

Calcification in tympanic membrane and possible middle ear
White patches on appearance
Can be consequence of previous infection or grommets

20
Q

What is the presentation of tympanosclerosis?

A

Usually asymptomatic

21
Q

What is the management for tympanosclerosis?

A

Usually none

22
Q

What is the pathology for chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

Perforated tympanic membrane
Cholesteatoma (skin in middle ear and maybe mastoid bone)

23
Q

What are some complication of chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

Dead ear - hearing loss if spread to inner ear
Facial palsy
Meningitis
Brain abscess

24
Q

What are some causes of perforated tympanic membrane?

A

Infection, trauma, and grommets

25
Q

What is the presentation of perforation of tympanic membrane?

A

Recurrent infections and hearing loss

26
Q

What is the management for perforated tympanic membrane?

A

Water precautions
Possible myringoplasty - repair hole in eardrum if trouble hearing, recurrent, or can’t avoid water

27
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

Abnormal collection of skin cells deep in ear
Can be caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction or impaired skin migration (pocket of dead skin)

27
Q

What is the presentation of cholesteatoma?

A

Persistent offensive otorrhea - discharge
Needs referral to EMT

27
Q

What is the management for cholesteatoma?

A

Mastoidectomy - removal of cholesteatoma

28
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Fixation of staples (bone of middle ear) by extra bone

29
Q

What is the presentation of otosclerosis?

A

Conductive hearing loss
Normal tympanic membrane

30
Q

What is the management of otosclerosis?

A

Hearing aid or stapedectomy

31
Q

What are the clinical features of facial nerve palsy?

A

Lower motor neuron facial palsy - forehead involved

32
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for facial nerve palsy?

A

Intratemporal - cholesteatoma
Extratemporal - parotid tumour
Idiopathic - Bell’s palsy

33
Q

What is the management for facial nerve palsy?

A

Treat underlying cause if possible
Steroids
Eye care

Head and Neck (14 decks)

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