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Head and Neck > Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery > Flashcards

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is involved in OMF surgery?

A

Dentoalveolar, trauma hard and soft tissue, orthognathic surgery, facial deformity, oncology and reconstruction, craniofacial surgery cleft lip, temporomandibular joint disorders

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2
Q

What is the aetiology for facial trauma?

A

Assault, fall sports, road traffic accident, industrial and self harm

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3
Q

How are mandibular fractures fixed?

A

Closed by open reduction and internal fixation by using mini titanium plates

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4
Q

Where can midface trauma affect?

A

Zygoma
Maxilla
Naso/orbital/ethmoidal

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5
Q

What is the most common cause for orofacial swelling?

A

Odontogenic infection
Threat to airway

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6
Q

What is a prognathic mandible?

A

Prominent mandible
Top teeth don’t meet bottom teeth
Jaw needs moved forward and bottom back

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7
Q

What can be a useful scan for surgical planning?

A

Lateral cephalogram with patient picture

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8
Q

What is the most common type of oral malignancy?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa

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9
Q

What is the 5 year survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa?

A

Stage 1 - 86%
Stage 4 - 20%

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10
Q

What are worrying signs of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Area of redness
Combined white/ red lesion
Indurated area of ulcer
Ulcer present for 3 weeks +
New melanin pigmentation

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11
Q

Describe healthy oral mucosa

A

Mucus membrane which overs all structures in oral cavity except teeth
Varies in colour from pink to brownish purple depending on skin colour

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12
Q

Describe healthy floor of mouth

A

Lingual frenulum and sublingual folds
Folds end at papillae at base of lingual frenulum
Duct of submandibular gland opens into papilla

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13
Q

Describe a healthy tongue

A

Flexible muscular organ
Rough texture is produced by tiny papillae - filiform, fungiform, foliate and circumvallate
Sensory nerves - lingual, taste - chorda tympani, motor nerve - hypoglossal

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14
Q

Describe a healthy palate

A

Should be pink, smooth and moist - keratinised
Towards anterior teeth, rows of ridges very in height

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15
Q

What is the difference in safe and cancerous ulcers?

A

Safe - no induration, grey and red halo, short lived
Cancer - induration, rolled edge

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16
Q

What is the name for white patches on oral mucosa?

A

Leucoplakia

17
Q

What is the name for red patched on oral mucosa?

A

Erythroplakia - usually more sinister

18
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

Overgrowth of candida albicans

19
Q

What is the prevention/ treatment for denture stomatitis?

A

Remove dentures at night
Soak dentures nightly in dilute milton or chlorhexidine
Antifungal medication: Topical - Nystatin, amphotercin B and miconazole
Systemic - fluconazole

20
Q

Describe oral thrush

A

Acute fungal infection
White patches can be easily removed to reveal red areas of inflammation
May be painful

21
Q

What are contributory factors to aphthous ulcers?

A

Haematinic deficiencies
Stress
Trauma to oral mucosa
Menstruation
Hereditary

22
Q

Describe major aphthous ulcers

A

Typically affect posterior part of mouth
Up to 1 cm in diameter
Prolonged healing of several weeks and may scar

23
Q

Describe minor aphthous ulcers

A

Affect non keratinised sites
Usually cheeks, floor of mouth and labial mucosa
Can have 1-5 ulcers at one time
Heals in 2 weeks

24
Q
A
25
Q

What is the treatment of aphthous ulcers?

A

Symptomatic, antiseptic mouthwash, tetracycline mouthwash, topical steroid preparations

26
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth due to reduced or absent saliva flow
Symptom of certain medical conditions
Side effect of radiation to head or neck, and medications

27
Q

What are clinical features of xerostomia?

A

Severe tooth destruction
Dry atrophic and fissured tongue
Mucosal soreness and infections
No salivary pool
Parotid gland enlargement
Oral candidiasis
Inflammation and fissuring of lips (cheilitis)

28
Q

What is the cause of herpes labialis?

A

Reactivation of HSV from trigeminal ganglion

29
Q

What are the clinical features of herpes labialis?

A

Vesicular, ulcerated, or crusting lesion which typically affects mucocutaneous junction of lip
Often preceded by prickling sensation

Head and Neck (14 decks)

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