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Head and Neck > Anatomy and Physiology of the Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the head and neck?

A

Skull, cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, and bones of the middle ear

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2
Q

What are the bones of the skull?

A

Frontal, sphenoid, temporal, parietal, occipital and ethmoid

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3
Q

What are the main sutures of the skull?

A

Coronal suture - frontal to parietal
Sagittal suture - parietals together
Lambdoid suture - parietal to occipital

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4
Q

What are the 2 fontanelles of skull?

A

Frontal and Occipital
In neonates sutures are not fully formed so have soft spots

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5
Q

What are the 2 broad triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior and posterior triangle
SCM muscle is important in division

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Posterior border of mandible
Midline of the neck
Anterior border of SCM

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7
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles present in anterior triangle?

A

Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid

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8
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles present in anterior triangle?

A

Thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid

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9
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of neck?

A

Muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental triangles

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10
Q

What arteries are present in the anterior triangle?

A

Common carotid - external and internal
Superior thyroid (ECA)
Inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical trunk)

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11
Q

What veins are in the anterior triangle?

A

Anterior jugular veins
Internal jugular vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid veins

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12
Q

What nerves are present in anterior triangle?

A

Vagus nerve - X
Hypoglossal -XII
Part of sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary and superficial temporal
(Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students)

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14
Q

Describe the internal carotid artery

A

Major branch of common carotid
Arises at carotid bifurcation
Carotid sinus and carotid body at bifurcation

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15
Q

What is the role of the carotid sinus and body?

A

Sinus - detects BP change
Body - chemoreceptors for acid/ base disturbances

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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Middle 1/3 of clavicle

17
Q

What artery is in the posterior triangle?

A

Subclavian artery - third part

18
Q

What vein is in the posterior triangle?

A

External jugular vein - inferior aspect

19
Q

What nerves are in posterior triangle?

A

Accessory nerve - X1
Branches of cervical plexus
Upper brachial plexus

20
Q

What are the 2 groups of lymphatic vessels?

A

Superficial and Deep

21
Q

Describe the superficial lymphatic vessels

A

Drain lymph from scalp, face and neck into superficial ring of lymph nodes at junction of head and neck

22
Q

Describe the deep lymphatic vessels

A

Arise from deep cervical lymph nodes
These converge to form left and right jugular lymphatic trunks

23
Q

Describe the left jugular lymphatic trunk

A

Combines with thoracic duct at root of neck
Empties into venous system via left subclavian vein

24
Q

Describe the right jugular lymphatic trunk

A

Forms the right lymphatic duct at root of neck
Empties into venous system via right subclavian vein

25
Q

What are some groups of superficial lymph nodes?

A

Occipital, pre and post auricular, parotid, submental and submandibular

26
Q

Describe Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Oropharyngeal mucosa covering bed of lymphatic tissue
First line defence against microbes that enter body via nasal and oral route

27
Q

What makes up Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Lingual tonsils, palatine tonsils, tubal tonsils, and pharyngeal tonsil

28
Q

Describe the thyroid gland

A

Butterfly shaped vascular endocrine gland situates in midline of anterior neck
Extends from C5 to T1
Is the largest of endocrine glands

29
Q

Describe the parathyroid glands

A

Small brown oval glands situated in posterior aspect of thyroid
Usually 4 glands - 2 superior and 2 inferior

30
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroid ima in some people

31
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior, middle (IJV), and inferior thyroid glands (EJV)

32
Q

What is the arterial supply of the parathyroid gland?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

33
Q

What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid glands?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

Head and Neck (14 decks)

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