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Head and Neck > Head + Neck Conditions and Treatments > Flashcards

Head + Neck Conditions and Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

What is auricular haematoma?

A

Collection of blood under the skin of the outer ear - if not drained or treated then get cauliflower ear
Pain, swelling, bruising

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2
Q

What is the treatment for auricular haematoma?

A

Incision and drainage
Pressure dressing and possible antibiotics

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3
Q

What is acute otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of external auditory meatus - pseudomonas aeruginosa
Itch, pain and discharge

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4
Q

What is the treatment for otitis externa?

A

Antibiotic or steroid ear drops.
Sofradex, Gentisone HC or Otomize spray
Cilodex if perforated
Fungal - clotrimazole or Nystatin

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5
Q

What is malignant otitis externa?

A

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone - risk of spreading to skull
Diabetic or immunosuppressed patients
Granulation tissue in EAC

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6
Q

What is the treatment for malignant otitis externa?

A

Antibiotics needed for weeks or months
Anti-pseudomonas antibiotics for 4-6 weeks

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7
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

Glue ear - sterile fluid in middle ear as impaired eustachian tube so low pressure
Loss of hearing and seen on otoscope

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8
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media with effusion?

A

Observation for 3 months
May need otovent or grommets inserted

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9
Q

What is acute suppurative otitis media?

A

Pus in the middle ear - otalgia and otorrhea
Fever and bulging membrane

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10
Q

What is the treatment for acute suppurative otitis media?

A

Observation and pain killer
Wait and review then possible antibiotics

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11
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

Calcification in tympanic membrane and maybe in middle ear - thickening of the drum
Usually asymptomatic but can have hearing loss

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12
Q

What is the treatment for tympanosclerosis?

A

Usually none
Only need if hearing loss - myringotomy

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13
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Abnormal collection of skin cells in middle ear
Rare and if left untreated can damage ear
Offensive otorrhea + hearing loss

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14
Q

What is the treatment for cholesteatoma?

A

Mastoidectomy to remove cholesteatoma

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15
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Irregular bone remodelling - growth in middle ear causing hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss

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16
Q

What is the management for otosclerosis?

A

Hearing aid and stapedectomy

17
Q

What is the treatment for facial nerve palsy?

A

Treat underlying cause
Steroids and eye car
If Bells palsy - prednisolone

18
Q

What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?

A

Repeated episodes of vertigo caused by loose otoconia moving out of utricle into semi-circular canal
Vertigo and nystagmus

19
Q

What is the treatment for BPPV?

A

Dix-Hallpike is diagnostic
Espley manoeuvre is treatment

19
Q

What is vestibular neuronitis?

A

Inflammation of vestibular nerve - acute vertigo which can last for hours
Nausea and vomiting

20
Q

What is the treatment for vestibular neuritis?

A

Anti-nausea medication
Anti-viral drugs - acyclovir
Corticosteroids

21
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A

Rare condition of inner ear - vertigo, hearing loss + tinnitus. Also feeling of fullness in ear.

22
Q

What is the treatment for Meniere’s disease?

A

Beta-histamine - vasodilator
Stemetil PRN - antiemetic

23
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nosebleeds
Commonest site is little’s area - Kiesselbach on anterior
Posterior - Woodruff

24
Q

What is the management/ treatment for epistaxis?

A

First aid compression and head tilt - 10-15 mins
Cotton wool with adrenaline or nasal cautery with silver nitrate
Then nasal balloon catheter

25
Q

What is the management and treatment of orbital cellulitis?

A

IV antibiotics
Nasal decongestants
CT scan and possible surgical drainage

26
Q

What is the treatment of acute sinusitis?

A

Symptomatic relief with pain killers
If no improvement - topical steroids
Then antibiotics

27
Q

What is the treatment of a periorbital abscess?

A

Emergency referral
Urgent Ct and IV antibiotic
Drain pus from outside or endoscopically

28
Q

What is a ethmoidal mucoceole?

A

Mucous cyst of paranasal sinus - ethmoidal air cells
Commonly asymptomatic but can have visual impairment

29
Q

What is the treatment for ethmoidal mucoceole?

A

FESS - drainage by surgery

30
Q

What are nasal polyps?

A

Painless soft growths inside the nose - asthma and aspirin sensitivity
Blocked nose, PN drip, nasal discharge, and hyposmia

31
Q

What is the treatment for nasal polyps?

A

Oral and nasal steroids
Immunotherapy and diet
Endoscopic sinus surgery and polypectomy

32
Q

What is the treatment for an angiofibroma?

A

Preoperative embolization of blood vessels and lots of blood available

33
Q
A

Head and Neck (14 decks)

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