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Head and Neck > Outer and Middle ear > Flashcards

Outer and Middle ear Flashcards

1
Q

what is auricular haematoma?

A

blood accumulates in the layer between the perichondrium and cartilage

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2
Q

what typically causes an auricular haematoma?

A

trauma to the ear

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3
Q

how do you manage a auricular haematoma?

A

incision and drainage
pressure dressing
antibiotics

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4
Q

what is a complication of auricular haematoma?

A

cauliflower ear

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5
Q

what are the management options for a foreign body in the ear?

A

removal

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6
Q

how quickly would a button battery, organic and inorganic material need to be removed from the ear?

A

button battery > organic > inorganic

button battery - hours
organic - days
inorganic - weeks

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7
Q

what is otitis externa?

A

inflammation of external auditory meatus

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8
Q

how is otitis media treated?

A

antibiotic/steroid ear drops
+/- suction under microscope

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9
Q

what are preventative measures for otitis externa?

A

no water or cotton buds

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10
Q

what is malignant otitis externa?

A

osteomyelitis of temporal bone

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11
Q

how would malignant otitis externa present?

A

severe pain in elderly diabetic
granulations in external auditory meatus
+/- cranial nerve palsies

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12
Q

how is malignant otitis externa managed?

A

long term antibiotics for a few weeks/months - organism being treated is usually pseudomonas

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13
Q

what is otitis media with effusion?

A

glue ear
sterile fluid in middle ear

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14
Q

how does otitis media present?

A

hearing loss
speech delay

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15
Q

how is otitis media managed?

A

observation for three months - usually clear up on own with children
Otovent balloon - child blows up balloon through nose
Grommet - plastic tube in ear drum allowing ventilation

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16
Q

what is the definition of acute suppurative otitis media?

A

pus in the middle ear

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17
Q

how does acute suppurative otitis media present?

A

otalgia +/- otorrhoea

18
Q

what is otalgia +/- otorrhoea?

A

Otalgia is ear pain and breaks down into two categories of primary otalgia and secondary otalgia. Primary otalgia is pain coming directly from the ear where secondary otalgia is referred pain from somewhere outside the ear.

19
Q

how is acute suppurative otitis media managed?

A

observation
+/- antibiotics [hold off for a few days, majority not required]

20
Q

what is tympanosclerosis?

A

calcification in tympanic membrane +/- middle ear

21
Q

how does tympanosclerosis present?

A

usually asymptomatic
white patches on tympanic membrane

22
Q

how is tympanosclerosis managed?

A

usually none

23
Q

what is chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

Chronic suppurative otitis media, also known as chronic otitis media, is a stage of ear disease in which there is an on-going chronic infection of the middle ear without an intact tympanic membrane. This disease is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity

24
Q

what is chronic suppurative otitis media caused by?

A

perforated tympanic membrane

or

cholesteatoma
(skin in middle ear +/- mastoid bone)

25
Q

what are complications of chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

“dead ear”
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess

26
Q

what are causes of a perforated tympanic membrane?

A

infection
trauma
grommet

27
Q

how does a perforated tympanic membrane present?

A

recurrent infections
hearing loss

28
Q

how is a perforated tympanic membrane treated?

A

water precautions
+/- myringoplasty

29
Q

what is cholesteatoma?

A

A cholesteatoma is an abnormal collection of skin cells deep inside your ear.

30
Q

what are causes of choleastoma?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction
impaired skin migration

31
Q

how does cholesteatoma present?

A

persistent offensive otorrohoea - red flag symptom should trigger refferal to ent

32
Q

how is cholesteatoma treated?

A

mastoidectomy

33
Q

what is otosclerosis?

A

abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss.

34
Q

what is the presentation of otosclerosis?

A

conductive hearing loss
normal tympanic membrane

35
Q

what is the pathology of otosclerosis?

A

fixation of stapes by extra bone

36
Q

how is otosclerosis managed?

A

hearing aid
or
stapedectomy

37
Q

what is facial nerve palsy?

A

Facial nerve paralysis is an inability to move the muscles that control smiling, blinking, and other facial movements. This condition can affect a person’s ability to convey emotion. Most of the time, facial paralysis is limited to one side of the face.

38
Q

what are the clinical features of facial nerve palsy?

A

lower motor neuron facial palsy
(forehead involved)

39
Q

what are differential diagnosis for facial nerve palsy?

A

intratemporal eg cholesteatoma
extratemporal eg parotid tumour
idiopathic = Bell’s palsy

40
Q

what is the management of facial nerve palsy?

A

treat underlying cause (if possible)
steroids
eye care

Head and Neck (15 decks)

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