Head and Neck Embryology Flashcards
what does the neck develop from?
branchial/pharyngeal arches
what does the face develop from?
5 mesenchymal processes/prominences
what does the skull develop from?
develops from the mesenchyme in the head region of developing embryo
what is mesenchyme?
Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue
Has the same properties as a connective tissue and develops into bone, cartilage, blood vessels
Give a recap of the origin of embryology?
1) Ball of cells (blastula)
2) Flattened plate of cells is formed (bilaminar germ disc)
3) Trilaminar germ disc is formed which has amniotic cavity dorsally and yolk sac ventrally
4) Notochord formation leads to axis formation in embryo (ie embryo now has a right and left side)
What are the 2 areas of the early embryo where there is no mesoderm?
Sites of future mouth and anus
Explain the development of the neural tube and neural crest cells?
1) Some of ectoderm in midline folds down to form neural tube
2) Some cells at the crest of neural tube separate to form the neurla crest which migrate and give rise to a variety of structures
3) Neural crest cells in the head and neck region mix with the mesoderm
What does the neural tube go onto form?
Brain and spinal cord
What are somites derived from?
Paraxial mesoderm
What do somites form?
Structures like the axial skeleton and muscles
How many somites are there?
Around 33
What do somites in the future head region help with?
Cranial skeleton development
What are the series of arches called that develop around the future mouth and pharynx?
Pharyngeal/branchial arches
What is the precurser of the mouth?
Stomatodeum
What forms the pharynx?
Developing foregut from the mouth to respiratory diverticulum
What role does the pharyngeal/branchial arches have?
Supports primitive embryo
Develops into the face and neck
How many branchial arches develop?
5 (6 arches start to develop but number 5 disapears)
What are the 5 branchial arches?
1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (5 disapears)
What embryonic tissue makes up the branchial arches?
Ectoderm lines the outside (also forms clefts between arches)
Mesoderm in the middle (forms cartilage and muscle)
Endoderm on the inside (also forms mooches between arches)
What innervates each branchial arch?
A different cranial nerve
What cranial nerve innerates the 1st branchial arch?
Mandibular branch of trigeminal
What cranial nerve innervates the 2nd branchial arch?
Facial nerve
What cranial nerve innervates the 3rd branchial arch?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What cranial nerve innervates the 4th branchial arch?
Superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
What cranial nerve innervates the 6th branchial arch?
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve