Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat Flashcards
what do patients ussually present with to do with the throat?
sore throat
something stuck in my throat
difficulty swallowing
painful swallowing
hoarseness
pain radiating from throat to ear
what is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
what is odynophagia?
Painful swallowing
what is dysphonia?
Iām hoarse
what is referred otalgia?
Pain going from my throat to my ear
what are the different areas of the throat?
nasal cavity
oral cavity
larynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
hypopharynx
what is the structure of the mouth/oral cavity?
Everything anterior to tonsils and soft palate.
Includes whole tongue except tongue base (oropharynx).
Contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands.
what is the function of the mouth/oral cavity?
Mastication
First part of swallow (oral phase)
Taste
Transform sound generated by the larynx into discernable words
(arthr = vocal articulation)
what are the primary muscles of mastication?
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
what are secondary muscles of mastication?
suprahyoid muscles
digastric muscle
mylohyoid muscle (oral diaphragm)
geniohyoid muscle
buccinator muscle is sometimes classed as one
what are primary and secondary muscles of mastication innervated by?
Mandibular branch of Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
What are the 2 parts of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3rds
From 1st branchial arch
Sensation by lingual nerve (CN V3)
Taste by chorda tympani (CN VII)
Posterior 1/3rd
From 3rd branchial arch
Supplied by CN IX
Innervation of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3rds
From 1st branchial arch
Sensation by lingual nerve (CN V3)
Taste by chorda tympani (CN VII)
Posterior 1/3rd
From 3rd branchial arch
Supplied by CN IX
What are the 2 categories of tongue muscles and what is their function?
Intrinsic muscles (after shape)
Extrinsic muscles (after position)
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical
what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
genioglossus - chin to tongue
hyoglossus - hyoid bone to tongue
styloglossus - styloid to tongue
palatoglossus muscle (supplied by the vagus nerve (CN X)) - palatine bone to tongue
what are the boundaries of the floor of the mouth?
Superiorly - oral mucosal space
Inferiorly - mylohyoid muscle
Anteriorly - mandibular gingiva
Posteriorly - anterior tonsillar pillars
what glands are contained within the floor of the mouth?
Submandibular and subligual salivary glands
where does the parotid duct open into the the buccal mucosa?
Parotid duct opens into buccal mucosa opposite upper 2nd molar
what is the function of the nasopharynx\/
allows air into larynx
what is the function of the soft palate and uvula
prevent regurgitation of food into nasopharynx on swallowing by closing against the posterior pharyngeal wall (failure = veloplataine insufficiency)