MaxFax surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are consequences of facial deformity?

A

Loss of sight, smell, speech, eating, breathing and talking

Neurological implications like loss of confidence/depression

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2
Q

How does facial appearance being important in most cultures impact the treatment of facial deformaties?

A

Must restore both form and function

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2
Q

What is the aetiology of facial deformaties?

A

Assualts (52%)

RTAs

Sports

Falls

Industrial

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3
Q

What are the different subtypes of facial deformity?

A

Bone injury (mandible, midface - maxilla, zygomatic, orbit)

Soft tissue

Combination of both

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4
Q

What is the most common fracture of the face?

A

Nasal fracture

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5
Q

What is the second most common fracture of the face?

A

Mandibular fracture

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6
Q

What is the common history of a mandibular fracture?

A

Blow to the face

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of a mandibular fracture?

A

Pain on biting, swallowing

Teeth do not meet properly

Numb lip

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8
Q

What are the signs of a mandibular fracture?

A

Swelling, tenderness along TMJs

Angles

Haematoma retromolar region or floor of mouth

Step deformity on occlusion

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9
Q

What is cleft lip?

A

Congenital split in the upper lip

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10
Q

What is cleft palate?

A

Congenital split in the mouth

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11
Q

What investigations are done for cleft lip/palate?

A

Radiographs

Models

Photographs

Surgery simulation on computer

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11
Q

What are examples of congenital deformaties?

A

Cleft lip

Cleft mouth

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12
Q

What is the rule for the proportion of the face vertically?

A

Rule of 3rds

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13
Q

What is the rule for the proportion of the face horizontally?

A

Rule of 5ths

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14
Q

What surgical technique is used to access the maxilla?

A

Le Fort/osteotomy

15
Q

What is an osteotomy?

A

Surgical cutting of bone

16
Q

What surgical technique is used to access the mandible?

A

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

17
Q

What is the most common head and neck cancer?

A

Oral cancer (95%)

18
Q

What is the male to female ratio of head and neck cancer?

A

2:1

19
Q

What is the incidence of head and neck cancer?

A

7-18/100000

20
Q

Is the incidence of head and neck cancer rising or falling?

A

Rising

21
Q

What is the most common cause of head and neck cancer?

A

Viruses such as HPV

Smoking

22
Q

What is the 5 year survival of all stages of oral cancer?

A

45%

23
Q

Oral cancer where has the worst prognosis?

A

Tongue

24
Q

What are worrying signs for oral cancer?

A

Area of redness

Combined red/white lesions

Indurate area of ulceration

Area of ulceration that has been present for 3 weeks or more

New area of melanin pigmentation

25
Q

What is the white patch present in oral cancer called?

A

Leukoplakia

26
Q

What is the red patch present in oral cancer called?

A

Erythoplakia

27
Q

What is where the mass of head and neck cancer is on the levels of the neck an indicator of?

A

Where the mass is from

28
Q

What is the best imaging technique for staging head and neck cancer?

A

CT

29
Q

What stage is any head and neck cancer just if N>0?

A

Stage 3

30
Q

What are the 2 approaches for managing head and neck cancer?

A

Aim to cure

Palliation

31
Q

What is the management for curing head and neck cancer?

A

Surgery (resection/recontruction with 1cm margin)

With or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy)

32
Q

What is the best palliation treatment for head and neck cancer?

A

Best supportive care

Palliative radiotherapy