Outer and middle ear

Question 1

What is an auricular hematoma?

Answer 1

collection of blood underneath the perichondrium of theearand typically occurs secondary to trauma

Question 2

What is the management if auricular haematoma?

Answer 2

incision and drainage
pressure dressing
antibiotics

Question 3

What can be a complication of auricular haematoma?

Answer 3

Auriculardeformity, commonly known as “cauliflowerear” is the result of untreated or inadequately treatedauricular hematoma

Question 4

What is a foreign bodies management?

Answer 4

Removal

Question 5

What is the foreign body urgency dependent on?

Answer 5

What it is
button battery (Most urgent) > organic > inorganic

Question 6

What is otits externa?

Answer 6

Inflammation of external auditory meatus

Question 7

What is the management of otits externa?

Answer 7

Antibiotic/steroid ear drops

+/- suction under microscope

Question 8

What is the prevention of otitis externa?

Answer 8

No water or cotton buds as these can cause issues

Question 9

What is malignant otitis externa?

Answer 9

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone

Question 10

What is the presentation of malignant otits externa?

Answer 10

severe pain in elderly diabetic
granulations in external auditory meatus
+/- cranial nerve palsies

Question 11

What is the management of malignant otits externa?

Answer 11

antibiotics for weeks or months

Question 12

What is otits media with effusion?

Answer 12

sterile fluid in middle ear

Question 13

What is the presentation of otitis media with effusion?

Answer 13

Hearing loss

Speech delay

Question 14

What is the management of otitis media with effusion?

Answer 14

Observation for 3 months
Otovent (Balloon which child blows up with nose to push air up into nose to clear ears)
Grommet

Question 15

What is acute suppurative otits media?

Answer 15

Pus in the middle ear

Question 16

What is the presentation of acute suppurative otitis media?

Answer 16

otalgia (ear pain) +/- otorrhoea (ear discharge)

Question 17

What is the management of acute suppurative otois media

Answer 17

observation

+/- antibiotics

Question 18

What is tympanosclerosis?

Answer 18

calcification in tympanic membrane +/- middle ear

Tympanosclerosisis the medical term for scarring of the ear drum. Scarring occurs after the ear drum is injured or after surgery. Commonly a small white area can be seen after a person has had middle ear ventilation tubes.

Question 19

What is the presentation of tympanosclerosis?

Answer 19

Usually asymptomatic

Question 20

What is the management of tympanosclerosis?

Answer 20

None

Question 21

What is the pathology of chronic suppurative otitis media?

Answer 21

perforated tympanic membrane

or

cholesteatoma
(skin in middle ear +/- mastoid bone)

Question 22

What is chronic suppurative otits media?

Answer 22

Chronicinflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, which presents with recurrent ear discharges (otorrhoea) through a tympanic perforation’.CSOMis assumed to be a complication of acuteotitis media(AOM).

Question 23

What are the complications of chronic suppurative otitis media?

Answer 23

“dead ear”
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess

Question 24

What are the causes of perforation of tympanic membrane?

Answer 24

infection
trauma
grommet

Question 25

What are the presentation of perforation of tympanic membrane?

Answer 25

recurrent infections

hearing loss

Question 26

What is the management of perforation of tympanic membrane?

Answer 26

water precautions

+/- myringoplasty

Question 27

What is a cholesateatoma?

Answer 27

Abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can develop in the middle section of your ear, behind the eardrum. It may be a birth defect, but it’s most commonly caused by repeated middle ear infections

Acholesteatomaoften develops as a cyst, or sac, that sheds layers of old skin.

Question 28

What are the causes of choleastoma?

Answer 28

Eustachian tube dysfunction

impaired skin migration

Question 29

What are the presentation of choleastoma?

Answer 29

Persistent offensive otorrohoea (Discharge from ear)

Question 30

What is the management of choleastoma?

Answer 30

Mastoidectomy

Question 31

What is a mastoidectomy?

Answer 31

Surgical procedure that removes diseased mastoid air cells.
The mastoid is the part of your skull located behind your ear. It’s filled with air cells made of bone and looks like a honey comb.
The diseased cells are often the result of an ear infection that has spread into your skull.

Question 32

What is the presentation of the otosclerosis?

Answer 32

conductive hearing loss

normal tympanic membrane

Question 33

What is the pathology of otosclerosis?

Answer 33

fixation of stapes by extra bone

Question 34

What is the management of otosclerosis?

Answer 34

hearing aid
or
stapedectomy

Question 35

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 35

Condition where one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone replace part of normally dense enchondral layer of bony otic capsule in the bony labyrinth. This condition affects one of the ossicles (the stapes) resulting in hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or a combination of symptoms

Question 36

What is a stapedectomy?

Answer 36

Ear surgery that can be done to treat hearing loss caused by a problem called otosclerosis.
Otosclerosis causes a buildup of bone around the stapes (stirrup bone).
The buildup of bone keeps the stapes from moving normally, resulting in a type of hearing loss called conductive hearing loss.

Question 37

What is the clinical feature of facial nerve palsy?

Answer 37

lower motor neuron facial palsy

forehead involved

Question 38

What is the differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy?

Answer 38

Intratemporal eg cholesteatoma
Extratemporal eg parotid tumour
Idiopathic = Bell’s palsy

Question 39

What is the management of facial nerve palsy?

Answer 39

treat underlying cause (if possible)
steroids
eye care