Outer and middle ear Flashcards
What is an auricular hematoma?
collection of blood underneath the perichondrium of theearand typically occurs secondary to trauma
What is the management if auricular haematoma?
incision and drainage
pressure dressing
antibiotics
What can be a complication of auricular haematoma?
Auriculardeformity, commonly known as “cauliflowerear” is the result of untreated or inadequately treatedauricular hematoma
What is a foreign bodies management?
Removal
What is the foreign body urgency dependent on?
What it is button battery (Most urgent) > organic > inorganic
What is otits externa?
Inflammation of external auditory meatus
What is the management of otits externa?
Antibiotic/steroid ear drops
+/- suction under microscope
What is the prevention of otitis externa?
No water or cotton buds as these can cause issues
What is malignant otitis externa?
Osteomyelitis of temporal bone
What is the presentation of malignant otits externa?
severe pain in elderly diabetic
granulations in external auditory meatus
+/- cranial nerve palsies
What is the management of malignant otits externa?
antibiotics for weeks or months
What is otits media with effusion?
sterile fluid in middle ear
What is the presentation of otitis media with effusion?
Hearing loss
Speech delay
What is the management of otitis media with effusion?
Observation for 3 months
Otovent (Balloon which child blows up with nose to push air up into nose to clear ears)
Grommet
What is acute suppurative otits media?
Pus in the middle ear
What is the presentation of acute suppurative otitis media?
otalgia (ear pain) +/- otorrhoea (ear discharge)
What is the management of acute suppurative otois media
observation
+/- antibiotics
What is tympanosclerosis?
calcification in tympanic membrane +/- middle ear
Tympanosclerosisis the medical term for scarring of the ear drum. Scarring occurs after the ear drum is injured or after surgery. Commonly a small white area can be seen after a person has had middle ear ventilation tubes.
What is the presentation of tympanosclerosis?
Usually asymptomatic
What is the management of tympanosclerosis?
None
What is the pathology of chronic suppurative otitis media?
perforated tympanic membrane
or
cholesteatoma
(skin in middle ear +/- mastoid bone)
What is chronic suppurative otits media?
Chronicinflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, which presents with recurrent ear discharges (otorrhoea) through a tympanic perforation’.CSOMis assumed to be a complication of acuteotitis media(AOM).
What are the complications of chronic suppurative otitis media?
“dead ear”
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess
What are the causes of perforation of tympanic membrane?
infection
trauma
grommet
What are the presentation of perforation of tympanic membrane?
recurrent infections
hearing loss
What is the management of perforation of tympanic membrane?
water precautions
+/- myringoplasty
What is a cholesateatoma?
Abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can develop in the middle section of your ear, behind the eardrum. It may be a birth defect, but it’s most commonly caused by repeated middle ear infections
Acholesteatomaoften develops as a cyst, or sac, that sheds layers of old skin.
What are the causes of choleastoma?
Eustachian tube dysfunction
impaired skin migration
What are the presentation of choleastoma?
Persistent offensive otorrohoea (Discharge from ear)
What is the management of choleastoma?
Mastoidectomy
What is a mastoidectomy?
Surgical procedure that removes diseased mastoid air cells.
The mastoid is the part of your skull located behind your ear. It’s filled with air cells made of bone and looks like a honey comb.
The diseased cells are often the result of an ear infection that has spread into your skull.
What is the presentation of the otosclerosis?
conductive hearing loss
normal tympanic membrane
What is the pathology of otosclerosis?
fixation of stapes by extra bone
What is the management of otosclerosis?
hearing aid
or
stapedectomy
What is otosclerosis?
Condition where one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone replace part of normally dense enchondral layer of bony otic capsule in the bony labyrinth. This condition affects one of the ossicles (the stapes) resulting in hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or a combination of symptoms
What is a stapedectomy?
Ear surgery that can be done to treat hearing loss caused by a problem called otosclerosis.
Otosclerosis causes a buildup of bone around the stapes (stirrup bone).
The buildup of bone keeps the stapes from moving normally, resulting in a type of hearing loss called conductive hearing loss.
What is the clinical feature of facial nerve palsy?
lower motor neuron facial palsy
forehead involved
What is the differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy?
Intratemporal eg cholesteatoma
Extratemporal eg parotid tumour
Idiopathic = Bell’s palsy
What is the management of facial nerve palsy?
treat underlying cause (if possible)
steroids
eye care
