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Reproductive System > Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Is the opaque posterior 5/6 which gives attachment to muscles moving eyeball

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2
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Is the anterior 1/6 which is transparent and is a window to allow light rays to enter the eyeball

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3
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Suspends the lens and produces Aqueous Humor

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4
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Supplies blood to outer layers of retina

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5
Q

What is the iris?

A

Controls the diameter of the pupil and thereby controls the amount of light rays entering the eyeball

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6
Q

What is the retina?

A

Has light sensitive rods and cones which enables us to see.

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7
Q

What is the crystalline lens?

A

Is a transparent, crystalline biconvex structure which is suspended by zonules (suspensory ligaments) from the ciliary body. It can change shape (i.e. become less or more convex.)

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8
Q

What should you understand about the ciliary body and suspensory ligaments?

A

The ciliary body and the suspensory ligaments of the lens are present in 360o

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9
Q

What is the anterior segments?

A

Front of the lens Contains a watery fluid called Aqueous Humor

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10
Q

What is the posterior segment?

A

Behind the lens Filled with a gel called Vitreous Humor

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11
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

A watery fluid anterior to the lens.It helps maintain intraocular pressure.

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12
Q

What is a vitreous humor?

A

A transparent gel posterior to the lens.It helps cushion the retina.

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13
Q

What is the anterior chamber?

A

In front of the iris

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14
Q

What is the posterior chamber?

A

Behind oros but in front of the lens

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15
Q

What is A?

A

Trabecular meshwork

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16
Q

What is B?

A

Schlemm’s canal

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17
Q

What is A?

A

Cornea

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18
Q

What is B?

A

Sclera

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19
Q

What is C?

A

Iris

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20
Q

What is D?

A

Pupil

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21
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal bone

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22
Q

What is B?

A

Zygomatic bone

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23
Q

What is C?

A

Sphenoid bone

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24
Q

What is D?

A

Maxilla bone

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25
Q

What is E?

A

Lacrimal bone

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26
Q

What is F?

A

Ethmoid bone

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27
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal sinus

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28
Q

What is B?

A

Ethmoidal air sinuses

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29
Q

What is C?

A

Maxillary air sinus

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30
Q

What is the AP length of eyeball?

A

24mm

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31
Q

What is the AP length of orbit?

A

40 mm

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32
Q

What is the orbital fat cushion globe important for?

A

Support

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33
Q

What do the lids do?

A

Skin on the outside, mucous membrane on the inside (conjunctiva)

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34
Q

What do eyelashes have?

A

Sebaceous glands

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35
Q

What do hard plates do?

A

Keep shape by tarsal plate

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36
Q

What do oily secretory glands do?

A

Tear film

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37
Q

What is A?

A

Skin

38
Q

What is B?

A

Orbicularis oris

39
Q

What is C?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

40
Q

What is D?

A

Tarsal plate

41
Q

What is E?

A

Meibomian glands

42
Q

What is F?

A

Conjunctiva

43
Q

What is G?

A

Eyelash with sebaceous glands

44
Q

What is conjunctiva?

A

Thin vascular membrane that covers inner surface of eyelids and loops back over sclera.

Does not cover the cornea

45
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland situated?

A

In the orbit laterally

46
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal glands done by?

A

Facial nerve

47
Q

Where do lacrimal glands ducts open into?

A

Conjunctival sac

48
Q

What happens during each blink?

A

During each blink, eyelids spread tears evenly on the surface of cornea

Tears drain through punctae on the medial side of each eyelid

Drains into lacrimal sac which sits over the lacrimal bone

Then drains through nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity.

49
Q

What do intrinsic muscles do?

A

Control pupil diameter & helps alter lens curvature to enable us to see near objects

50
Q

What do extrinsic muscles do?

A

Move the eye

51
Q

What are the intrinscic muscles that affect parasympathetic nerve?

A

Ciliaris muscle and constrictor pupillae

52
Q

What intrinsic eye muscles are involved in the sympathetic response?

A

Dilator pupillae

Plexus around blood vessels

53
Q

What are the 4 straight muscles of the rect?

A

Medial rectus

Lateral rectus

Inferior rectus

Superior rectus

54
Q

What are the 2 oblique muscles?

A

Superior oblique

Inferior oblique

55
Q

What do the recti muscles do?

A

Arise from the apex of the orbit from an annular fibrous ring

56
Q

What do the superior oblique muscles arise from?

A

Roof of the orbit posteriorly

57
Q

What do the superior oblique muscles arise from?

A

Floor of the orbit anteriorly

58
Q

What does the levator palpebrae superior do?

A

A muscle running to the upper eyelid to elevate it

59
Q

Where does the recti muscle insert into the sclera?

A

Anteriorly

Obliques insert posteriorly

60
Q

Where does the LPS originate and insert?

A

Origin is roof of orbit

Inserts in upper eyelid

61
Q

Where do all recti originate and insert?

A

Origin is tendinous ring

Inserts sclera anteriorly

62
Q

Where does the SO originate and insert?

A

Origin is lesser wing of sphenoid

Inserts in the sclera posteriorly

63
Q

Where does the IO originate and insert?

A

Origin is the medial part of orbit floor

Insers in the sclera posteriorly

64
Q

What does the trochlear (IV) nerve supply?

A

Supplies muscle with trochlea (SO)

65
Q

What does the abducent nerve supply?

A
66
Q

What is everything but the SO and LR supplied by?

A

Oculomotor nerve (III)

67
Q

What is A?

A

Optic (II) nerve: carries visual impulses from the eyeball. Leaves orbit through Optic foramen

68
Q

What is B?

A

Oculomotor (III) nerve – supplies all the muscles going to the eye except 2 and also supplies levator muscle of the eyelid.

It carries parasympathetic fibres which synapse at the ciliary ganglion in the orbit

69
Q

What is C?

A

The Abducent (VI) nerve also supplies just one muscle the lateral rectus

70
Q

What is D?

A

The Trochlear (IV) nerve arises from the dorsal part of the midbrain and supplies 1 muscle the superior oblique

71
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve do?

A

Small branch of the Ophthalmic division. Goes medially and its branches supply medial part of orbit, ethmoidal air sinus, nasal cavity

72
Q

What does the lacrimal branch of trigeminal nerve do?

A

Smallest branch of the Ophthalmic division, travels laterally and supplies lateral part of orbit and lacrimal gland

73
Q

What does the frontal branch of the trigeminal nerve do?

A

Largest branch of Ophthalmic division. Divides into supraorbital and supratrochlear branches

74
Q

What does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve do?

A

Passes through the inferior orbital canal in the floor of the orbit, and exits through the infraorbital foramen as the infraorbital nerve

75
Q

What is the opthalmic artery?

A

A large branch of the Internal Carotid artery. It supplies all structures in the orbit, and also some branches to the nasal cavity and forehead.

76
Q

What does the central retinal artery do?

A

Travels within the substance of the optic nerve, supplies inner layers of the retina

77
Q

What do short posterior ciliary arteries supply?

A

The posterior part of the choroid (and outer retina)

78
Q

What does the long posterior ciliary artery supply?

A

Anterior choroid, ciliary body, iris

79
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Start of the optic nerve, physiological blind spot.

80
Q

Do you know the four parts of this diagram, hmmmmmmm

A

Yessir

81
Q

What do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins which drain into

A

Cavernous sinus

82
Q

What is the caverous sinus immediately posterior to?

A

The apex of the orbit

83
Q

What does the eye develop from?

A

The nreural tube

84
Q

What do optic vesicles do?

A

Grow outwards from diencephalic part of neural tube towards surface ectoderm.

85
Q

How does the lens placode form?

A

Optic vesicles reach surface ectoderm

Cells of surface ectoderm thicken

86
Q

How does the optic cup form?

A

The lens placode starts to push inwards (invaginate), which causes the optic vesicle too to form the optic cup

87
Q

How does the 2 layered optic cup form?

A

The lens vesicle ultimately looses its connection with the surface ectoderm.

As the optic cup is forming, blood vessels that pass through form a fissure in its inferior wall called as the choroid fissure

88
Q

What is the mesenchyme derived from?

A

derived from mesoderm and neural crest cells

89
Q

What does the surface ectoderm form from?

A

Eyelids, conjunctiva, corneal epithelium

90
Q

What does the mesenchyme form?

A

Choroid, stroma of cornea, sclera and extraocular muscles.

91
Q

What does the lens fibre form from?

A

Epithelium of lens vesicle & later loose their nucleii.

Reproductive System (54 decks)

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