Outcome 2- Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Consider the sequence of C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 Only ….. increases

Answer 1

Length

Question 2

2-methylpropan2-ol is an isomer of

Answer 2

Butan-2-ol

Question 3

The formation and compostion of crude oil

Answer 3

Millions of years ago the dinosaurs died out and became apart of the earth as fossils. Through High pressure and temp over the years the fossil turned into fossil fuels ask crude oil. the crude oil is then put into disslation towers to be made into alkanes upto 70 carbon atoms

Question 4

Why is franctionalling performed in the absence of air

Answer 4

Because oxygen will create a combustion reaction and thus burn the towers down

Question 5

Naming Organic Molecules

Answer 5

• Identify Longest carbon chain
• Number carbons in the main chain, starting from the ennd to closet the 1) functional group, b)Double Bond, c)akyl branch
• Name the side branches/ functional groups and indicate thier postion

Question 6

Functional Group

Answer 6

Alcohol , -OH . -Ol

Question 7

Carboxylic acids

Answer 7

-COOH. -oic acid

Question 8

Ester

Answer 8

-COOCH3- (Naming. Alcohol first then Carboxlyic) . ..yl ..Anoate + H2o

Question 9

Alkanes

Answer 9

Saturated (Single bonds)

Question 10

Alkenes

Answer 10

Unsaturated (Double bonds)

Question 11

Alkynes

Answer 11

Unsaturated (Triple Bonds)

Question 12

Propane isomer is always going to be

Answer 12

Dimethyl Propane

Question 13

isomers

Answer 13

can not have double bond if original hyrdrocarbon was a alkane

Question 14

Physical and chemical properties of: Carboxylic Acids

Answer 14

Has a strong Odour, High Boiling points and solubility in smaller carboxylic acids

Question 15

Physical and chemical properties of: Esters

Answer 15

Esters have polar bonds but do not engage in hydrogen bonding and are therefore intermediate in boiling points between the non polar alkanes and the alcohols, which engage in hydrogen bonding.

Question 16

Substitution Reaction

Answer 16

Where one or more of the chlorine or fluroine atoms take the place of one or more hydrogen atoms. eg

CH4+ Cl2 —–> (uv light) CH3CL + HCL

Question 17

Addition Reaction

Answer 17

Alkenes reacting with hydrogen or halogens. the hydrogen or halogen attaches the double bond and breaks it. eg

C2H4+ Cl2 ——> (Catalyst) C2H4Cl2

Question 18

Combustion Reaction

Answer 18

Hydrocarbon+ o2 -> H20 + Co2

Question 19

Condensation/ Esterification

Answer 19

Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2So4) is used to link the alcohol and carboxylic acid together by removing a water molecule.

Question 20

Cracking

Answer 20

Breaking down larger hydrocarbons into smaller ones. can be done at high temp (Thermal cracking) or low temp with a catalyst (Catalytic Cracking)

Question 21

Different molecular shapes of covalent compounds

Answer 21

Tetrahedral, Prymadial, V-shapes, linear, Planar,

Question 22

Black Oxide of Copper was reduced to copper in a stream of hydrogen. Why was the stream of hydrogen maintained untill the appartus cooled?

Answer 22

So that the oxygen cannot enter the tube and re-oxidise the copper

Question 23

The main change that would be observed inside the tube as it was heated

Answer 23

Solid changes from black to orange brown