Outbreak management Flashcards
What is a high consequence infectious disease (HCID)
Rare disease with a high fatality rate and not the best treatment options
How do contact HCIds spread
Via contact with infected patients; fluids, tissues or other materials
How do airborne HCIDs spread
Respiratory droplets or areosol transmission
What is ebola
Haemorrhagic fever - causes bleeding
Spread to humans from animals like fruit bats
It is very fatal
From africa
How does ebola spread from human to human
Direct contact with infected bodily fluids
What are the symptoms of ebola
Fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, sore throat
Internal or external bleeding
How is ebola diagnosed
PCR blood test
What is the treatment for ebola
supportive - fluids and oxygen
What is Lassa fever
Viral haemorrhagic fever caused by lassa virus
Emerges from west africa
Spread from rodents and then human to human via infected bodily fluids
What are the symptoms of lassa fever
weakness, malaise, headache, sore throat, chest pain, nausea , vomiting, diarrhoea and cough
deafness after the disease is common
What is the incubation period of Lassa fever
6-21 days
What is the treatment of lassa fever
supportive
Experimental anti-virals being tested
What is CCHF
crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever
African fever coming from goats and cattle which is spread via ticks
What is the incubation period of CCHF
1-9 days if from a tick
0-13 days if infected blood was method of transmission
What are the symptoms of CCHF
fever, myalgia, dizziness, neck pain and stiffness, backache, headache, sore eyes and photophobia , nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdo pain
How is CCHF diagnosed
PCR
What is the treatment for CCHF
supportive and experimental anti-virals - most commonly ribavarin
What is Mpox
Monkey pox - Orthopox virus causing smallpox like illness
Comes from rodents
How does Mpox enter the body
Airborne - Oropharynx, nasopharynx and intradermally
What is the incubation period of Mpox
5-21 days
What are the symptoms
Development of lesions - on face and extremities - can be on genitals
viraemia - fever, lymphadenopath, headache, myalgia
How can you tell when Mpox is no longer contagious
When the crust falls of the lesions
What are the symptoms of MERS
fever, cough, difficulty breathing (ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome), diarrhoea and vomiting
What is MERS
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Severe respiratory illness
Found in the middle east
Human-animal transmission and human to human
What is the treatment for MERS
supportive
What is orthomyoxoviridae
Influenza
What are the 4 types of influenza
A - humans and animals affected - sustained human transmission causing pandemics
B - circulates around humans so causes seasonal endemics
C - generally mild but infects pigs and humans
D - cattle mainly affected and not known to infect humans
What is antigenic shift
Abrupt major change in a virus that causes new haemagglutin and new neuraminidase proteins in the virus
Which influenzas undergo angienic shift or drift
A - antigenic drift and shift
B - antigenic drift
What is antigenic drift
Gradual mutations in genes which leads to changes in the surface proteins of the virus, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
What are the symptoms of flu
pyrexia
cough
sore throat
runny nose
myalgia
headaches
fatigue
What helps prevent spread of infection
Negative pressure rooms - air is pushed in and out of room and is disposed and decontaminated
PPE
