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Infections > Outbreak management > Flashcards

Outbreak management Flashcards

1
Q

What is a high consequence infectious disease (HCID)

A

Rare disease with a high fatality rate and not the best treatment options

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2
Q

How do contact HCIds spread

A

Via contact with infected patients; fluids, tissues or other materials

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3
Q

How do airborne HCIDs spread

A

Respiratory droplets or areosol transmission

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4
Q

What is ebola

A

Haemorrhagic fever - causes bleeding

Spread to humans from animals like fruit bats

It is very fatal

From africa

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5
Q

How does ebola spread from human to human

A

Direct contact with infected bodily fluids

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of ebola

A

Fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, sore throat

Internal or external bleeding

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7
Q

How is ebola diagnosed

A

PCR blood test

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8
Q

What is the treatment for ebola

A

supportive - fluids and oxygen

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9
Q

What is Lassa fever

A

Viral haemorrhagic fever caused by lassa virus

Emerges from west africa

Spread from rodents and then human to human via infected bodily fluids

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of lassa fever

A

weakness, malaise, headache, sore throat, chest pain, nausea , vomiting, diarrhoea and cough

deafness after the disease is common

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11
Q

What is the incubation period of Lassa fever

A

6-21 days

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12
Q

What is the treatment of lassa fever

A

supportive
Experimental anti-virals being tested

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13
Q

What is CCHF

A

crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever

African fever coming from goats and cattle which is spread via ticks

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14
Q

What is the incubation period of CCHF

A

1-9 days if from a tick

0-13 days if infected blood was method of transmission

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of CCHF

A

fever, myalgia, dizziness, neck pain and stiffness, backache, headache, sore eyes and photophobia , nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdo pain

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16
Q

How is CCHF diagnosed

A

PCR

17
Q

What is the treatment for CCHF

A

supportive and experimental anti-virals - most commonly ribavarin

18
Q

What is Mpox

A

Monkey pox - Orthopox virus causing smallpox like illness
Comes from rodents

19
Q

How does Mpox enter the body

A

Airborne - Oropharynx, nasopharynx and intradermally

20
Q

What is the incubation period of Mpox

A

5-21 days

21
Q

What are the symptoms

A

Development of lesions - on face and extremities - can be on genitals
viraemia - fever, lymphadenopath, headache, myalgia

22
Q

How can you tell when Mpox is no longer contagious

A

When the crust falls of the lesions

23
Q

What are the symptoms of MERS

A

fever, cough, difficulty breathing (ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome), diarrhoea and vomiting

24
Q

What is MERS

A

Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Severe respiratory illness

Found in the middle east

Human-animal transmission and human to human

25
Q

What is the treatment for MERS

A

supportive

26
Q

What is orthomyoxoviridae

A

Influenza

27
Q

What are the 4 types of influenza

A

A - humans and animals affected - sustained human transmission causing pandemics
B - circulates around humans so causes seasonal endemics
C - generally mild but infects pigs and humans
D - cattle mainly affected and not known to infect humans

28
Q

What is antigenic shift

A

Abrupt major change in a virus that causes new haemagglutin and new neuraminidase proteins in the virus

29
Q

Which influenzas undergo angienic shift or drift

A

A - antigenic drift and shift
B - antigenic drift

30
Q

What is antigenic drift

A

Gradual mutations in genes which leads to changes in the surface proteins of the virus, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

31
Q

What are the symptoms of flu

A

pyrexia
cough
sore throat
runny nose
myalgia
headaches
fatigue

32
Q

What helps prevent spread of infection

A

Negative pressure rooms - air is pushed in and out of room and is disposed and decontaminated
PPE

Infections (13 decks)

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