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Infections > HIV and aids > Flashcards

HIV and aids Flashcards

1
Q

How is HIV spread

A

Sexual transmission
Injection of drugs
Blood
organ transplant
genetic - vertical

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2
Q

How does HIV work

A

It infects and destroys cells of the immune system: T helper cells which are CD4+

HIV attaches to CD4 receptors and destroys them

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3
Q

What does a low CD4 cause

A

Increased risk of infection development

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4
Q

What is a normal CD4 count

A

more than 400

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5
Q

Why does CD4 increase before decreasing a lot due to the HIV

A

The body produces more CD4 due to the CD4 being destroyed but eventually the HIV overpowers this

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6
Q

What is an AIDS infection

A

Development of certain infections or tumours due to weakness in the immune system

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7
Q

What is the treatment of AIDS

A

antivirals

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8
Q

When should HIV be tested

A

When someone comes in with recurrent STI
Unexplained symptoms:
Lymphadenopathy
neurology
diarrhoea
weight loss
renal impairment
fever
thrombocytopenia

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9
Q

What is a seroconversion illness

A

When the antibodies first develop

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10
Q

What are the symptoms for HIV

A

Flu-like illness
fever
malaise and lethargy
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy
toxic exanthema

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11
Q

When should hIV treatment be started

A

Immediately after diagnosis

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12
Q

What is the treatment of HIV

A

combination antiretroviral therapy

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13
Q

Where does HIV cause it’s effect

A

HIV is an RNA virus so changes RNA into DNA and inputs this into the cell DNA to replicate viral proteins

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14
Q

How do reverse transcription inhibitors work

A

Inhibit conversion of RNA to DNA

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15
Q

How do integrase inhibitors work

A

Prevent the HIV DNA getting into the host cel

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16
Q

How do protease inhibitors work

A

Inhibit the maturation of virion particles

17
Q

What is reconstitution illness

A

Large inflammatory response due to immune systems being enhanced by antivirals - the inflammatory response can be dangerous

18
Q

When to start antiviral treatment for HIV in pregnancy

A

Before third trimester

19
Q

What is a sign of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

A

TB lymph node becoming enlarged after starting antivirals

20
Q

What are symptoms of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Marrow toxicity, lipodystrophy - patient loses fat in areas but gains fat in other areas

21
Q

What are side effects of non-nucleoside revere transciptase inhibitors

A

Rashes, hypersensitivity anddrug interactions

22
Q

What are side effects of protease inhibitors

A

Have many drug interaction, diarrhoea, lipodystrophy and hyperlipidaemia

23
Q

What are the side effects of integrase inhibitors

A

rashes, headaches, disturbed sleep and depression

24
Q

What can be done to prevent HIV

A

behaviour change and condoms
circumcision
prophylaxis

Infections (13 decks)

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