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2 ENT > Otitis Media tutorial > Flashcards

Otitis Media tutorial Flashcards

1
Q

aetiology of the inflammation in otitis externa?

A

bacterial
fungal
exczematous

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2
Q

most common pathogenic bacteria in otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas
proteus
staph aureus

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3
Q

Tx of bacterial otitis externa?

A

drops containing steroid and:
neomycin
gentamycin

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4
Q

most common pathogenic fungi in otitis externa?

A

aspergillus niger

candida albicans

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5
Q

Tx of fungal otitis media?

A

clotrimazole

nystatin

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6
Q

Tx of eczematous otitis externa?

A

steroid without antibiotic

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7
Q

how to generally care for otitis externa without medication?

A

keep water away
don’t put anything in the ear
keep hearing aids out

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8
Q

how to treat cellulitis in otitis externa?

A

systemic + topical Abs

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9
Q

name some preparatons used as wax solvents?

A

sodium bicarbonate
olive oil
almond oil

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10
Q

when would a wick be helpful?

A

if the canal skin is oedematous

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11
Q

when could drops cause dizziness?

A

drops are not close to body temperature

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12
Q

describe the centor criteria

A

history of fever
tonsillar exudates
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
no cough

> 3 = antibiotics

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13
Q

difference between glandular fever and tonsillitis

A 
GF:
lasts longer
get hepatosplenomegaly
get jaundice
LNs are bigger and multiple
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14
Q

what bacteria causes epiglottitis?

A

haemophilus influenzae type B

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15
Q

treatment of mild epiglottitis?

A

supportive
Abs
nebulisers eg adrenaline

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16
Q

treatment of severe epiglottitis?

A

steroids
antibiotics
intubation
tracheostomy

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17
Q

drugs that can cause nosebleeds?

A

anticoagulants

blood thinners eg warfarin

18
Q

what blood disorders can cause epistaxis?

A

haemophilia
leukaemia
thrombocytopaenia
clotting abnormalities

19
Q

define glue ear

A

otitis media with effusion

bilateral fluid in the middle ear causing hearing loss that lasts for 3 months

20
Q

Tx of glue ear?

A

nothing for 3 months

after consider hearing aids, grommet or adenoidectomy

21
Q

why is an adenoidectomy beneficial in otitis media?

A

the adenoids (nose tonsils) can block the opening to the eustachian tube further exacerbating glue ear

22
Q

difference in symptoms of acute otitis media and glue ear?

A

glue = will not have otalgia, otorrhea, or signs of systemic infection, but may experience mild-to-moderate hearing impairment

23
Q

cause of fluid in the middle ear?

A

eustachian tube dysfunction

24
Q

common causes of glue ear?

A

URTI

acute otitis media

25
Q

how is diagnosis of glue ear confirmed?

A

tympanometry

26
Q

how can acute otitis media become glue ear?

A

if any discharge is left behind in the middle ear

27
Q

how can glue ear become acute otitis media?

A

if the fluid in the middle ear becomes infected

28
Q

why are children more likely to get ear infections?

A

have shorter eustachian tubes that are more likely to be closed

29
Q

risk factors for glue ear

A 
2-6 yrs old
boy
poor income background
bottle fed
pre-term
downs syndrome
cleft palate
30
Q

how does the middle ear normally control its pressure?

A

eustachian tube opens during swallowing to bring a certain amount of gas into the middle ear cleft

31
Q

what does reduced ventilation of the middle ear cause?

A

reduction in pressure and effusion

effusion will become viscous if prolonged -> glue ear

32
Q

why are ear infections common in children with facial abnormalities?

A

usually have short eustachian tubes and small ear canals

33
Q

where is the middle ear in relation to the cochlea?

A

lateral to it

34
Q

you get fluid discharge in AOM: T or F

A

Fish, only really in OME

35
Q

a bulging TM is found in what ear condition?

A

AOM

36
Q

risk factors for OME?

A 
recurrent URTI
recurrent AOM
premature
craniofacial abnormality
immunodeficiency
smoking in household
allergy
day care
bottle feeding
37
Q

symptoms of OME in a child?

A

deaf
poor school performance
speech delay
behaviour problems

38
Q

how is OME diagnosed?

A 
Hx
otoscopy
tuning fork test
audiometry
tympanometry
39
Q

what does the TM look like in OME?

A

retracted
less mobile
colour change
can see bubbles

40
Q

what ear condition presents with bubbles on the TM?

A

OME

41
Q

what does tympanometry look like when fluid is in it and why?

A

FLAT, fluid doesnt move

42
Q

Tx of OME?

A

wait for 3 months
grommet
do adenoidectomy if recurrent

2 ENT (13 decks)

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