ENT Trauma

Question 1

most common broken bone in body?

Answer 1

nose

Question 2

where can patients experience numbness after a broken nose and why?

Answer 2

infraorbital region, infraorbital nerve is in this area

Question 3

what septal complication should you look for in a broken nose

Answer 3

septal haematoma

Question 4

clinical presentation of a septal haematoma

Answer 4

boggy bilateral red swelling coming off the septum of the nose

Question 5

consequences of an untreated septal haematoma and why?

Answer 5

septal abscess- stagnant blood is prone to infection

necrosis of cartilage = nasal collapse

Question 6

when should a nasal fracture be reviewed and by whom

Answer 6

5-7 days post injury by ENT clinician

Question 7

Tx for a nasal fracture?

Answer 7

manipulation under anaesthetic (MUA)

Question 8

complications of a nasal fracture?

Answer 8

epistaxis
csf leak
meningitis
anosmia

Question 9

fracture of what bone can cause anosmia?

Answer 9

cribriform plate

Question 10

what artery supplies the lateral border of the nose?

Answer 10

sphenopalatine

Question 11

drug management of epistaxis?

Answer 11

lignocaine + adrenaline topical

Question 12

fracture of what part of the nasal bone can cause a csf leak?/

Answer 12

cribriform plate

Question 13

cause of cauliflower ear?

Answer 13

blood deposition from a pinna haematoma

calcium in cartilage

Question 14

treatment of a pinna haematoma?

Answer 14

aspirate
incise
drain

Question 15

management of an ear laceration?

Answer 15

debride

suture back together

Question 16

when would you give antibiotics for an ear laceration?

Answer 16

visible cartilage

open wound

Question 17

signs of a temporal bone fracture on examination

Answer 17

battle sign - bruising behind ear
raccoon sign- bruising around eye
problems hearing

Question 18

how are temporal bone fractures classified?

Answer 18

otic capsule involved
otic capsule spared
longitudinal/transverse

Question 19

most common type of temporal bone fracture

Answer 19

longitudinal

Question 20

what type of deafness is associated with longitudinal temporal bone fractures?

Answer 20

conductive

Question 21

name the 2 main types of hearing loss?

Answer 21

conductive

sensorineural

Question 22

main causes of conductive hearing loss?

Answer 22

fluid eg effusion, blood, csf
tympanic membrane perforation
ossicular problem eg dislocated incus
otosclerosis

Question 23

top 2 causes of non-traumatic hearing loss?

Answer 23

1. fluid

2. otosclerosis

Question 24

what is otosclerosis?

Answer 24

stapes fixation

Question 25

sensory cause of hearing loss?

Answer 25

cochlear problem

Question 26

neural cause of hearing loss?

Answer 26

problem with CN8

Question 27

when would a skin injury become a penetrating neck injury?

Answer 27

if the platysma has been penetrated

Question 28

Ix of penetrating neck injury?

Answer 28

FBC
CXR if low down in neck for haemopneumothorax
CT angiogram

Question 29

second commonest midfacial fracture?

Answer 29

orbital floor

Question 30

main complication of le fort 2 and 3 fractures?

Answer 30

airway obstruction due to bone collapse

Question 31

imaging of choice for a suspected le fort fracture?

Answer 31

CT