ENT Trauma Flashcards
most common broken bone in body?
nose
where can patients experience numbness after a broken nose and why?
infraorbital region, infraorbital nerve is in this area
what septal complication should you look for in a broken nose
septal haematoma
clinical presentation of a septal haematoma
boggy bilateral red swelling coming off the septum of the nose
consequences of an untreated septal haematoma and why?
septal abscess- stagnant blood is prone to infection
necrosis of cartilage = nasal collapse
when should a nasal fracture be reviewed and by whom
5-7 days post injury by ENT clinician
Tx for a nasal fracture?
manipulation under anaesthetic (MUA)
complications of a nasal fracture?
epistaxis
csf leak
meningitis
anosmia
fracture of what bone can cause anosmia?
cribriform plate
what artery supplies the lateral border of the nose?
sphenopalatine
drug management of epistaxis?
lignocaine + adrenaline topical
fracture of what part of the nasal bone can cause a csf leak?/
cribriform plate
cause of cauliflower ear?
blood deposition from a pinna haematoma
calcium in cartilage
treatment of a pinna haematoma?
aspirate
incise
drain
management of an ear laceration?
debride
suture back together
when would you give antibiotics for an ear laceration?
visible cartilage
open wound
signs of a temporal bone fracture on examination
battle sign - bruising behind ear
raccoon sign- bruising around eye
problems hearing
how are temporal bone fractures classified?
otic capsule involved
otic capsule spared
longitudinal/transverse
most common type of temporal bone fracture
longitudinal
what type of deafness is associated with longitudinal temporal bone fractures?
conductive
name the 2 main types of hearing loss?
conductive
sensorineural
main causes of conductive hearing loss?
fluid eg effusion, blood, csf
tympanic membrane perforation
ossicular problem eg dislocated incus
otosclerosis
top 2 causes of non-traumatic hearing loss?
- fluid
2. otosclerosis
what is otosclerosis?
stapes fixation
sensory cause of hearing loss?
cochlear problem
neural cause of hearing loss?
problem with CN8
when would a skin injury become a penetrating neck injury?
if the platysma has been penetrated
Ix of penetrating neck injury?
FBC
CXR if low down in neck for haemopneumothorax
CT angiogram
second commonest midfacial fracture?
orbital floor
main complication of le fort 2 and 3 fractures?
airway obstruction due to bone collapse
imaging of choice for a suspected le fort fracture?
CT
