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Junior E.N.T > Otitis Media > Flashcards

Otitis Media Flashcards

1
Q

Otitis media

Inflammation of the ____________ lining the __________

A

Membrane lining

Middle ear cleft

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2
Q

Classification of Otitis media

________ Otitis media

________ Otitis media

Others

A

Acute

Chronic

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3
Q

Classification of Otitis media

Acute Otitis media
__________ or ____________

A

Suppurative

Non-Suppurative

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4
Q

Classification of Otitis media

Chronic Otitis media
__________ or ____________

A

Suppurative or non-suppurative

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5
Q

Classification of Otitis media

Others

__________ Otitis media
_________ Otitis media with ________
__________ Otitis media

A

Adhesive

Chronic; effusion

Specific

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6
Q

Acute Non-suppurative Otitis media

AETIOLOGY

_________
_________
_________
Hypogammaglobinemia
________

A

Unknown
Allergy
Infection
Hypogammaglobinemia
Tumor

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7
Q

Acute Non-suppurative Otitis media

AETIOPATHOGENESIS

Tubal occlusion (by _________ or _________).

Tubal oclusion - gives _________ middle ear pressure in the middle ear cavity causing _______________________.

Middle ear _________ wil absorb the ______ from the middle ear producing (more or less?) ________________.

Eventually, this set up _______________ with production of _________.

Exudate may be of varying consistency, from _________ to _________.

A

Adenoid ; infection

negative ; tympanic membrane refraction.

mucosa ;air ;more

negative pressure.

acute inflammation ;stale effusion.

serous ; mucoid.

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8
Q

Clinical features of Acute Non-suppurative Otitis media

Symptoms

Feeling of ________ of the ear
_________
Childs’ performance may be _____
____________

A

Feeling of blockage of the ear
Deafness
Childs’ performance may be low
Autophony

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9
Q

Clinical features of Acute Non-suppurative Otitis media

Signs
• Tympanic membrane appear _______ and may be _________.
• ________ pf the tympanic membrane
• Evidence of ________ in the middle ear which may be seen as ________.
• ________ of the tympanic membrane is decreased
• Tuning fork tests
- Rinnetest - ________ on the affected site .
Weber test lateralized to the _________ side

A

Dull ; congested.

Retraction ; fluid ; air bubble.

Mobility ; negative ; affected side

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10
Q

Investigations of Acute Non-suppurative Otitis media

_________ - OM of paranasal snius
• _________ view of nasopharynx to view ______
• __________ (_______ and ______)

A

Plan x-rays

Lateral; adenoid

Audiometry. (Pure Tone Audiometry &Tympanometry)

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11
Q

Treatment of Acute Non-suppurative Otitis media

Removal fo possible cause - ___________.

• Anti-allergy t r e a t m e n t

• ______________

A

Adenoidectomy

Myringotomy

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12
Q

Acute suppurative Otitis media

Inflammation of the _________ layer of the middle ear cleft by _________ organisms

A

Periosteal

Bacterial

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13
Q

Incidence of Acute suppurative Otitis media

Commonly seen in _________, but ______ may be affected

A

Children

Adults

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14
Q

AETIOPATHOGENESIS Of Acute suppurative Otitis media

Routes of Infection

•Infection through ____________ of the middle ear.
•Traumatic ________
• Hematological - __________ infection

A

Eustachian tube

perforation

blood borne

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15
Q

Common organisms in Acute suppurative Otitis media

List 5

A

Sretpotcocus
Pneumococcus
H. Influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Pseudomonas

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16
Q

Clinical features of Acute suppurative Otitis media

SYMPTOMS
• Ear _____
• _______ of the war
•Fever
•(Mild or severe?) __________

A

Ache

Fullness

conductive loss

17
Q

Acute suppurative otitis media

Signs during the Stage of Hyperemia / Exudation

Tympanci membrane _____________
__________ of tympanic membrane may be ________
•____________ discharge on Rhinoscoph

A

congested; landmark; distorted

Mucopurulent

18
Q

Acute suppurative otitis media

Signs during the Stage of Suppuration
•__________ tympanic membrane
•___________ discharge through the perforation

A

Ruptured

Pulsatile

19
Q

Treatment during the stage of hyperemia and exudation
• ___________
• __________ / __________
• Nasal __________ (Nasal __________)
• __________

A

Antibiotics
• Analgesics / Antipyretic
• Nasal drops (Nasal Decongestion) • Myringotomy

20
Q

Treatment during the stage of Rupture of tympanic membrane

• Broad spectrum antibiotics __________ /Antibiotics systemic
• Analgesics / Antipyretic
• Nasal _______ (Nasal _________)
• ___________
• Keep ear free of _________

A

eadrrops
Nasal drops (Nasal Decongestion)
Aural tolleting
water

21
Q

Acute suppurative otitis media

STAGE - OF COALESCENT MASTOIDITIS
• Re-infection of the midle ear usually after ___________
• Discharge is _________/______
• Mastold __________
• Tympanic membrane with _____________

A

weeks

copious/continous

tenderness

central perforation

22
Q

Treatment OF COALESCENT MASTOIDITIS

_______________

A

Cortical mastoidectomy

23
Q

INVESTIGATIONS of Acute suppurative otitis media

_________ for MCS
X-ray of the ________ bone (_________) will show ________ of the ______________

A

Ear swab

Temporal; Mastoid

clouding; mastoid air cells

24
Q

Acute suppurative otitis media

STAGE OF COMPLICATIONS
• Untreated cases can lead to intra-cranial /extra-cranial complications

TREATMENT
SURGERY
__________ and ___________

MEDCIAL
__________________

A

Mastoidectomy and Cranial exploration

Broad spectrum antibiotics

25
Q

STAGE OF RESOLUTION

First evidence of resolution is ________________

Pathological process wil resolve and ear comes back to normal.

A

termination of ear discharge.

26
Q

CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

It is defined as chronic inflammation
of ____________ lining of the middle ear cleft.

A

muco-periosteal

27
Q

Classification of CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

•__________ type. (Safe)
•_______________ type. (Unsafe)

A

Tubo-tympanic

Affico-antral

28
Q

TUBO-TYMPANIC CSOM

Predisposing factors

Inadequate treatment of _______
Infection from ____________
• Degree of __________________ ( _________ mastoids are more prone to CSOM)

A

ASOM

surounding areas

pneumatisation of mastoid

sclerotic

29
Q

Etiological agents of CSOM

• Gram negative organism like _____,_______
• ______coccus
•________lococcus

A

EColi, pseudomonas

Strepto

Staphylo

30
Q

Clinical features of CSOM

•Ear Discharge - Profuse/intermittent.
Predominantly ________
____________ , __________, not ___________ . It increases with ______

•Deafness - ___________

A

mucoid

Mucopurulent; yellowish

foul smeling ; cold

Mild conductive

31
Q

STAGES OF EAR DISCHARGE of CSOM

Active: ear discharge active up to _______

Quiescent: No ear discharge for ________

Healed: __________________ healed

A

3months

No; 3-6 months

Central perforation

32
Q

Signs of Tubo-tympanic CSOM

•__________ within the ear canal, _________ smelling
• Tympanic membrane perforation. (__________,________,_________ )

A

Discharge; non - foul

Cenrtal

marginal

Attic

33
Q

Investigations For tubo tympanic CSOM

MCS
________ audiometry
_____ of the mastoids
X-ray of paranasal sinuses / post nasal space
Diagnostic endoscopy-

A

Pure tone

X-ray

34
Q

Treatment of tubo tympanic CSOM

Medical treatment
____________
Antiblotics ________

Surgery
_____________ if hearing loss is less than 40dbHL
_____________ if hearing loss >40<55dbHL

A

Aural toleting
Antiblotics EAR drops

Myringoplasty; Tympanoplasty

35
Q

Attico-Antral CSOM

Usualy associated with ___________ formation , which is a sac containing _________________________ with ____________________.

It is described as _______ in the wrong place.
It causes destruction of the middle ear and erosion of the bone within middle ear and surrounding.

A

Cholesteatoma

Keratinizing squamous epithelium

cholesterol crystals.

Skin

36
Q

Clinical Features of Attico-Antral CSOM

•Ear discharge -
______ smelling, _______ , predominantly _________. Occasional ________ stained.

• Deafness -___________ deafness
•_________
•_________

A

Foul; scanty; purulent; blood

Progressive

Tinnitus

Vertigo

37
Q

Clinical features of Attico-Antral CSOM

• Signs
Otoscopic examination
• ______ smelling discharge within the ear canal
• ____________ in posterior superior part of the ear canal.
• _____ or ______ or ______ perforation
• _____________ e or ________ within middle ear.
• ________________ flakes seen through tympanic perforation

A

• Foul
• Granulation tissue
• Attic or marginal or total
• Granulation tissue or polyps
•Whitish cholesteatoma

38
Q

Treatment of Attico-Antral CSOM

Surgery

•___________
• Medical treatment if patient is unfit for surgery.

A

Mastoidectomy

39
Q

Investigations of Attico-Antral CSOM

• MCS
• Pure Tone audiometry
• X-ray = bony erosion, degree of sclerosis or bony destruction.
•CT SCAN
•MRI

A

NOOOOOO

Junior E.N.T (9 decks)

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