Other viral diseases Flashcards
What are the two major subtypes of molluscipox virus?
MCV-1 and MCV-2
What molluscum virus is more common in HIV + patients?
MCV-2
What type of virus is molluscum?
Poxvirus (large double-stranded DNA virus)
What cutaneous diseases are associated with poxvirus?
Molluscum, smallpox, Orf, MIlker’s nodules
What are the major DNA viruses that cause cutaneous diseases?
Herpes virus (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV); hepadnavirus (Hep B); Papovavirus (HPV); Parvovirus (erythema infectionsum); Poxvirus (molluscum, smallpox, orf, milker’s nodules)
What must be done if molluscum lesions are restricted to the genital area in a child?
Sexual abuse must be considered
What is the most common clinical presentation of molluscum?
Umbilicated, pink, pearly papule
- distribution: intertriginous areas, torso, lower extremities and buttocks
What patients are at risk of widespread molluscum infection?
Patients with impaired skin barrier (AD or ichthyosis) or immunodeficiency
Patients with HIV/immunosuppression may get giant molluscum
Histology of molluscum?
- Acanthosis and cup-shaped
- Eosinophilic and later basophilic inclusion bodies in the prickle cell layer (Henderson-Patterson bodies)
Treatments for molluscum?
Topical tretinoin or imiquimod
Extraction
Light cryotherapy
Cantharadin
Surgical tape
Curettage
Podophyllotoxin
Subcutaneous IFN-alpha
5-FU
HAART for AIDS patients
What virus causes monkeypox?
Orthopox virus
Who generally gets monkeypox?
90% of cases occur in children <15 y/o
Where is monkeypox usually found?
Usually in Central/western African, but there was an outbreak in the US from prairie dogs
What is the clinical of monkeypox? prognosis?
The disease is similar to smallpox but there are fewer lesions. Lesions tend to favor the face and extremities (esp palms and soles) with centrifugal spread. These lesions may be present in various stages.
- May have systemic sx’s: respiratory, fever, and LAD in 67%
- Fatality rate of 11%
Can monkeypox be passed from human to human?
Yes, initial dz usually following contact with wildlife sources
What virus causes smallpox?
Variola virus, orthopox genus
How does infection of smallpox spread?
Infection occurs via respiratory tract (incubation period = 7-17 days).
Clinical of small pox?
Prodrome with fever, headache, myalgias, and malaise, then centrifugal spread of race (face/arms/legs/trunk).
- The rash is vesiculpustular and may involve hands/feet.
One key is that lesions in a site will be of the same stage and the pt w/ be toxic appearing
How long is a patient with smallpox infectious?
Patients are infectious from eruption onset til 7-10 days post-eruption
What are some complications of smallpox and what is its prognosis?
Complications: blindness, encephalitis, toxemia, hypotension, pneumonitis, arthritis, and osteitis
What type of vaccine is the smallpox vaccine and what are some potential side effects?
Live vaccine: vaccinia virus is used for live vaccine
Complications: LAD, ocular vaccinia, generalized vaccinia, eruptions, eczema vaccinator, EM, postvaccinial CNS dz, and progressive vaccinia (immunocompromised pts)
What virus causes cowpox?
Cowpox virus, genus orthopox virus
What animal usually causes cowpox?
Cats
Clinical progression of cowpox?
Europe and Asia
- Spread is via cutaneous contact (usually hands or face) with an infected animal
- Incubates for 7 days and then a painful red papule at the site of contact forms –> vesicular –> pustular –> hemorrhagic ulcer w/ eschar
- Lesions usually solitary and located on hands/fingers
- Can cause fever/systemic sx’s


