Other Systems: Metabolic and Endocrine Pathology

Question 1

Musculoskeletal effects of hypothyroidism:

Answer 1

• (Myalgia) Muscle pain
• Stiffness
• Prolonged deep tendon reflexes

Question 2

Signs/Symptoms of moderate to severe uterine prolapse:

Answer 2

• Low back pain
• Perineal discomfort aggravated by prolonged standing
  
  • Releived by lying down
• Sensation of heaviness or pulling in the pelvis
• Constipation and painful bowel movement

Question 3

Criteria for metabolic syndrome (3 or more of the following factors required):

• Waist size (men vs. women)?
• HDL levels (men vs. women)?
• Triglycerides (cholesterol)?
• Fasting plasma glucose?
• Blood Pressure?

Answer 3

• Waist size:
  
  • > 40” men
  • > 35” women
• HDL levels:
  
  • < 40mg/dL men
  • < 50mg/dL women
• Triglycerides:
  
  • 150mg/dL or higher
• Fasting Plasma Glucose:
  
  • >100mg/dL
• Blood Pressure:
  
  • 135mmHg or higher
  • 85mmHg or higher

Question 4

Metabolic abnormalities associated with adrenal insufficiency:

• Potassium?
• Sodium?
• Glucose?
• Blood pH?

Answer 4

• Potassium: hyperkalemic
• Sodium: hyponatremic
• Glucose: hypoglycemic
• Blood pH: acidic