Cardio_Comp Flashcards
Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]
- Frothy
Pulmonary Edema
Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]
- Mucoid
Asthma
Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]
- Purulent
Lung Abscess
Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]
- Blood-tinged
Tuberculosis
Breath sounds and Fremitus conditions [per Scorebuiders
- Decreased breath sounds; decreased fremitus
Pleural Effusion
Breath sounds and Fremitus conditions [per Scorebuiders
- Decreased breath sounds; increased fremitus
- Atelectasis
- Consolidation
- Pulmonary Edema
Medication side effects:
- Increased blood pressure (secondary to sodium and water retention)
- Mood changes, Visual changes, rapid weight gain
Corticosteroids
- e.g. Methylprednisolone
Medications:
- Increase the force and velocity of myocardial contraction
- slow heart rate
- decrease conduction velocity through the AV node (resulting in prolonged p-r interval)
- decrease degree of activation of the sympathetic nervous system
Positive Inotropic Agents - Indications: -- Heart Failure -- Atrial Fibrillation Examples: - Digoxin, Lanoxin
Medication side effects:
- Cardiac arrhyhmias
- GI distress
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Bradycardia
- bloody/tarry stools
- Halos
Positive Inotropic Agents
Hematocrit Ranges for males:
39% - 46%
WBC count range:
3.5 - 9.1 (times 10x3/mmx3)
Platelet count range
165,000 - 415,000
- Less than 50,000 indicates thrombocytopenic precautions
Hemoglobin range (males)
13.3 - 16.2 gm/dL
Rapid heartrate (rapid atrial tachycardia 250-350bpm), REGULAR rhythm, sawtooth P waves
ATRIAL FLUTTER
- Atrial fibrillation is similar, but with irregular rhythm
Normal ejection fraction:
55% - 70%
Acute care line function:
- Measures arterial blood pressure in real time
- Obtain samples for arterial blood gas analysis
Arterial line
- Typically inserted into the radial or brachial arteries in the UE’s
- Typically inserted into the femoral, posterior tibial or dorsal pedal artery in the LE’s.
FEV(1)/FVC ratio “normal” (i.e. between 80%-90%)
Normal with RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
- i.e. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosus
FEV(1)/FVC ratio less than 70%
Less than 70% with OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
- i.e:
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Emphysema
Probability of obtaining a negative test among individuals without the disease (true negatives)
Specificity
Probability of obtaining a positive test among individuals with the disease (true positives)
Sensitivity
Postural Drainage:
- Patient in supine with foot of bed elevated 18”. Percussion applied over the lower ribs on the left and right sides
Anterior Basal Segments of the L/R lower lobes
Postural Drainage:
- Prone, with two pillows under the hips. Percussion applied below the inferior border of the left and right scapulae
Superior Segments of the L/R lower lobes
Cardiac Rehab Phase 1 limitations [per Scorebuilders]
- HR no greater than 130bpm
- HR no greater than 20 bpm above resting HR (for MI patients) or 30bpm (for post-surgical)
- No greater than 10mmHg decrease in systolic BP
- Diastolic BP no greater than 110mmHg
Borg RPE of 11-12 corresponds to:
Fairly light
- approx 60% of heart rate range
Borg RPE of 13-14 corresponds to:
Somewhat hard
- approx 70% of heart rate range
Borg RPE of 16 corresponds to:
Very hard
- approx 85% of the heart rate range
Oxygen concentration increases by approx ____% per 1L/min increase in supplemental O2.
4%
- must add this to base room air percentage of 21%
- e.g. if nasal cannula at 3L/min, then:
- 21% (room air) + 12% (3L at 4% ea.) = 33%
Acute Care Line Function:
- Deliver chemotherapy
- Withdrawal of blood for analysis
- Monitoring central venous pressure
Hickman Catheter
- Also called central venous catheter or central venous line
- Inserted in the jugular vein or other large vein and advanced to the superior vena cava.
Continuous low pitched sounds having a snoring or gurgling quality [Scorebuilders]
Rhonchi
- Caused by air passing through an airway obstructed by inflammatory secretions, liquids, bronchial spasm or neoplasms
Low frequency sound of turbulence heard during early diastole
S3
- Abnormal sound due to poor ventricular compliance and turbulence
Low frequency sound hear during late-diastole
S4
- Due to exaggerated atrial contraction and subsequent turbulence
Hemodynamic response to beta-adrenergic blocking agents during exercise (2 components)
Heart rate low at rest and minimal rise (blunted rise) during exercise
Claudication Scale:
- Minimal discomfort or pain
Grade I
Claudication Scale:
- Moderate discomfort or pain; patient’s attention can be diverted
Grade II
Claudication Scale:
- Intense pain; patient’s attention cannot be diverted
Grade III
Claudication Scale:
- Excruciating and unbearable pain
Grade IV
Acute Care Line: [Dr. Kyle Rice Cheat Sheet]
- Long thin tube with a balloon tip on the end typically inserted into the right side of the heart.
- Function:
1. Monitor pulmonary artery pressure
2. Measure effectiveness of cardiovascular medications
3. Diagnose right heart failure
4. Measure right ventricular filling pressure
Swan-Ganz Catheter (PAC)
- Also known as the pulmonary artery catheter
- Most commonly used with:
1. Heart failure
2. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
3. Heart Function Post-MI
4. Cardiomyopathy
