Other Stuff

Question 1

Operationalise

Answer 1

How the Rschr will actually test what they are trying to test. They need to find a scientific and measurable way of testing the IV and measuring the DV and give a precise definition of the bhvr being observed.

Question 2

Qualitative data

Answer 2

Information gathered based on opinions thoughts and feelings of ppts, no numbers are gathered, just subjective info

Question 3

Qualitative data strength

Answer 3

In depth detailed info about ppts is gained which reduces the chance of the Rschr interpreting bhvr in the wrong way

Question 4

Qualitative data weakness

Answer 4

Very difficult to analyse due to no numerical info being gathered. Results are not nomothetic so cannot be generalised.

Question 5

Quantitative data

Answer 5

Results are based on numerical values. Data is objective due to thoughts feelings and opinions of ppts not being asked for

Question 6

Quantitative data strength

Answer 6

Easy to analyse due to numerical values being used that can be calculated and placed into categories. Results are nomothetic so can be generalised.

Question 7

Quantitative data weakness

Answer 7

Due to objectivity no subjective info from ppts can be gathered which could lead to Rschr bias.

Question 8

Investigator effects

Answer 8

When Rschr asks a question in a certain way to get a response they want

Question 9

Rschr bias

Answer 9

Rschr interprets or makes up wrong results to agree with their hypothesis

Question 10

Significance level of 0.05

Answer 10

There is a 5% probability that results are due to chance and 95% probability that results are true

Question 11

Observed value

Answer 11

Results you get once you’ve calculated your statistical test

Question 12

Critical value

Answer 12

The value that a test statistic (observed value) must reach in order for the null hypothesis to be rejected.

Question 13

Aims

Answer 13

A statement of what the Rschr intends to find out in a rsch study

Question 14

Closed question

Answer 14

Questions with a range of answers from which respondents select one; produces quantitative data. Answers are easier to analyse than those from closed question.

Question 15

Open question

Answer 15

A question that invites respondents to give their own answer rather than select an answer from those provided. Tends to produce quanlitative data.

Question 16

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 16

A comparison between costs of something and related benefits, in order to decide the course of action. If costs are too great or the benefit is too small no action will be taken.

Question 17

Co-variable

Answer 17

A variable in a correlation analysis that is believed to vary systematically with another co-variable

Question 18

Debriefing

Answer 18

A post-rsch interview or questionnaire designed to inform the ppts of the true nature of the study and to restore them to the same state they were in at the start of the study. It can also gain useful feedback about procedures used in the study.

Question 19

IV

Answer 19

The variable manipulated by the Rschr to see its effect on the dependent variable

Question 20

Dependent variable

Answer 20

A measurable outcome of the action of the IV in an exp

Question 21

Demand characteristics

Answer 21

A cue that makes ppt aware of what the Rschr wants to find or how ppts are expected to bhv. These can change an outcome of a study bc ppts may change their bhvr to conform to the expectations. This may act as a confounding variable.

Question 22

Double blind technique

Answer 22

Neither the ppt nor the experimenter dealing with ppts is aware of the rsch aims and other important details thus have no expectations

Question 23

Control condition/group

Answer 23

The condition (in a repeated measures design) or group (in an independent groups design) that provides a baseline measure of bhvr without the experimental treatment (IV) so the effect of the experimental treatment can be assessed.

Question 24

Cohort effect

Answer 24

A group of ppts That has unique characteristics Bc of time-specific experiences during their development such as growing up during World War Two

Question 25

Event sampling

Answer 25

An observational technique in which count is kept of the number of a certain bhvr/event occurs

Question 26

Experimenter bias

Answer 26

The effect the experimenters expectations have on the ppts and therefore the results of the rsch

Question 27

Experimenter effect

Answer 27

Anything the experimenter does that has an effect on the ppts performance in a study other than what was expected.

Question 28

Target population

Answer 28

The group of people the Rschr is interested in and will draw their sample from and try to generalise their findings to.

Question 29

Correlation coefficient

Answer 29

A number between +1 and -1 that tells us how closely the covariables in a correlation analysis are related

Question 30

Test retest

Answer 30

Used to check external validity. The same test/interview is given to the same ppts on two occasions to see if the same results are obtained

Question 31

Split half method

Answer 31

Used to test internal reliability by comparing two halves of to example a psychological test to see if they produce the same score.