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Pharm > Other Hormones > Flashcards

Other Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Pituitary hormones

A

Anterior and posterior glands
Base of brain
Trophic effect (affecting the activity of others)

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2
Q

Anterior pituitary gland secretes

A 
Growth hormone (somatotropin)
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone 
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
Prolactin
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3
Q

Posterior pituitary gland secretes

A

Vasopressin (anti diuretic)

Oxytocin

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4
Q

Pituitary deficiency effects

A 
Decrease metabolism
Dwarfism 
Diabetes 
Hypothyroidism 
Addison disease 
Retarded dental development
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5
Q

Hypersecretion can produce

A

Goiter
Cushing disease
Giantism

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6
Q

Growth hormone

A

Stimulates growth and development
Treat children who lack it
Body builders use to bulk

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7
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

Stimulates pituitary

Treat prostate cancer and endometriosis

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8
Q

Leuprolide

A

Stimulates pituitary

Treat infertility

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9
Q

Bromocriptin

A

Inhibits pituitary function
Suppresses prolactin
Treats prolactin secreting adenomas, acromegaly, Parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

Thyroid secretes

A

T3 t4 and calcitonin

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11
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Important for energy metabolism growth and development

Synthesized from iodine and tyrosine

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12
Q

Hypothyroidism in children

A

Cretinism
Deformity, dwarfism, mental retardation, goiter
Delayed tooth eruption, malocclusion, poorly shapes and carious teeth
Inflamed gingiva

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism adults

A

Myxedema

Puffiness of skin, fatigue, headaches, dry skin, sensitivity to cold

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14
Q

Hypothyroidism treatment

A

Synthetic thryroid hormone

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15
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease)

Toxic nodular goiter (Plummer disease)

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16
Q

Diffuse toxic goiter

A

Most commune
Primarily in young adults
Enlarged thyroid gland

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17
Q

Toxic modular goiter

A

Older patients
Symptoms more subtle
Accompanied by cardiac symptoms

18
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

All uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

Excess levels of circulating hormone

19
Q

Thyrotoxicosis dental maifestations

A

Accelerated tooth eruption, diffuse demineralization, progressive periodontal destruction

20
Q

Hyperthyroidism treatments

A

Radioactive iodine
Thyroidectomy
Anti thyroid drugs

21
Q

Dental management hyperthyroidism

A

Increased pain sensitivity
Increase tolerance to Cns depressants
Avoid epi in poorly controlled

22
Q

Pancreatic hormones

A

Secreted by langerhaans
Insulin (glucose out of blood into cells)
Glucagon (glucose into blood)

23
Q

Diabetes type I

A

Insulin dependent
Destruction of beta pancreatic cells
Lack of insulin secretion
Ketoacidosis

24
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Life threatening
Cells cannot get glucose for energy
Body breaks down fat and muscle
Produces ketones

25
Q

Type II diabetes

A

Non insulin dependent
Pancreas secretes enough to prevent ketoacidosis
Management through diet and exercise, oral anti diabetic, insulin

26
Q

Dental complications of diabetes

A

Xerostomia
Mucositis, ulcers, infections
Perio
Delayed wound healing

27
Q

Dental considerations diabetes

A

Appts should not interfere with meals
Surgical therapy approached with caution
Infections should be aggressively treated
Epi used with caution if uncontrolled

28
Q

Hypoglycemia treatment

A

Give a source of sugar
Unconscious iv dextrose
Patient taken to ER

29
Q

Insulin’s

A 
Subcutaneous injection 
Human insulin (prepared by recombinant DNA synthesis)
Inhaled (treat type I and II, not available in Canada)
30
Q

Insulin adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia (unintentional insulin overdose)

Allergic reaction

31
Q

Oral anitdiabetic agents

A

Used to treat type II diabetes
Used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents

Sulfonylureas
Biguanides
Nonsulfonylurea secretagogues
Glucosidase inhibitors
Thiazolidenediones
32
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin
2nd generation more potent and less toxic
Gi disturbances, liver damage, hypoglycemia

33
Q

Biguanides

A

Reduce production of glucose by the liver
Used alone or in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin
Vomiting, metallic taste

34
Q

Non-sulfonylurea secretagogues

A

Stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin
Hypoglycemia occurs less often
Must be taken with meals

35
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Slow absorption of carbohydrates ingested
Used alone or with other agents
Taken with 1st mouth full of food

36
Q

Thiazolidenediones

A

Increased insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, skeletal tissue and live
Reduce production of glucose by liver
Alone or in combo with metformin, sulfonylurea or insulin
6-14 weeks to achieve maximum effect
Taken at the same time each day

37
Q

Glucagon

A

Polypeptide hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas
Antagonist to insulin
Can be used for emergency treatment of hypoglycemia

38
Q

Estrogens

A

Changes of puberty
Therapy for menstrual disturbances osteoporosis, menopause
Contraception in combination with progestins

39
Q

Progestins

A

Prepares reproductive system for conception
Therapy for menopause
Contraception when combined with estrogens

40
Q

Contraceptives

A

Estrogens and progestin
Oral are on 28 day cycle (21 on 7 off)
Exception is seasonale (extended cycle combo)

41
Q

Contraceptives adverse reactions

A 
Weight gain
Breast discomfort
Tendency to clot
Cariogenicity
Gingival inflammation, dry socket risk
42
Q

Contraceptives drug interactions

A

Antibiotics (reduced effectiveness of contraceptive)
Acetaminophen (risk of hepatoxicity)
Benzodiazepines (reduces effectiveness of benzodiazepines)

Pharm (9 decks)

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