Other Hormones

Question 1

Pituitary hormones

Answer 1

Anterior and posterior glands
Base of brain
Trophic effect (affecting the activity of others)

Question 2

Anterior pituitary gland secretes

Answer 2

Growth hormone (somatotropin)
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone 
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
Prolactin

Question 3

Posterior pituitary gland secretes

Answer 3

Vasopressin (anti diuretic)

Oxytocin

Question 4

Pituitary deficiency effects

Answer 4

Decrease metabolism
Dwarfism 
Diabetes 
Hypothyroidism 
Addison disease 
Retarded dental development

Question 5

Hypersecretion can produce

Answer 5

Goiter
Cushing disease
Giantism

Question 6

Growth hormone

Answer 6

Stimulates growth and development
Treat children who lack it
Body builders use to bulk

Question 7

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Answer 7

Stimulates pituitary

Treat prostate cancer and endometriosis

Question 8

Leuprolide

Answer 8

Stimulates pituitary

Treat infertility

Question 9

Bromocriptin

Answer 9

Inhibits pituitary function
Suppresses prolactin
Treats prolactin secreting adenomas, acromegaly, Parkinson’s disease

Question 10

Thyroid secretes

Answer 10

T3 t4 and calcitonin

Question 11

Thyroid hormones

Answer 11

Important for energy metabolism growth and development

Synthesized from iodine and tyrosine

Question 12

Hypothyroidism in children

Answer 12

Cretinism
Deformity, dwarfism, mental retardation, goiter
Delayed tooth eruption, malocclusion, poorly shapes and carious teeth
Inflamed gingiva

Question 13

Hypothyroidism adults

Answer 13

Myxedema

Puffiness of skin, fatigue, headaches, dry skin, sensitivity to cold

Question 14

Hypothyroidism treatment

Answer 14

Synthetic thryroid hormone

Question 15

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 15

Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease)

Toxic nodular goiter (Plummer disease)

Question 16

Diffuse toxic goiter

Answer 16

Most commune
Primarily in young adults
Enlarged thyroid gland

Question 17

Toxic modular goiter

Answer 17

Older patients
Symptoms more subtle
Accompanied by cardiac symptoms

Question 18

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 18

All uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

Excess levels of circulating hormone

Question 19

Thyrotoxicosis dental maifestations

Answer 19

Accelerated tooth eruption, diffuse demineralization, progressive periodontal destruction

Question 20

Hyperthyroidism treatments

Answer 20

Radioactive iodine
Thyroidectomy
Anti thyroid drugs

Question 21

Dental management hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

Increased pain sensitivity
Increase tolerance to Cns depressants
Avoid epi in poorly controlled

Question 22

Pancreatic hormones

Answer 22

Secreted by langerhaans
Insulin (glucose out of blood into cells)
Glucagon (glucose into blood)

Question 23

Diabetes type I

Answer 23

Insulin dependent
Destruction of beta pancreatic cells
Lack of insulin secretion
Ketoacidosis

Question 24

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 24

Life threatening
Cells cannot get glucose for energy
Body breaks down fat and muscle
Produces ketones

Question 25

Type II diabetes

Answer 25

Non insulin dependent Pancreas secretes enough to prevent ketoacidosis Management through diet and exercise, oral anti diabetic, insulin

Question 26

Dental complications of diabetes

Answer 26

Xerostomia Mucositis, ulcers, infections Perio Delayed wound healing

Question 27

Dental considerations diabetes

Answer 27

Appts should not interfere with meals Surgical therapy approached with caution Infections should be aggressively treated Epi used with caution if uncontrolled

Question 28

Hypoglycemia treatment

Answer 28

Give a source of sugar Unconscious iv dextrose Patient taken to ER

Question 29

Insulin’s

Answer 29

``` Subcutaneous injection Human insulin (prepared by recombinant DNA synthesis) Inhaled (treat type I and II, not available in Canada) ```

Question 30

Insulin adverse effects

Answer 30

Hypoglycemia (unintentional insulin overdose) | Allergic reaction

Question 31

Oral anitdiabetic agents

Answer 31

Used to treat type II diabetes Used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents ``` Sulfonylureas Biguanides Nonsulfonylurea secretagogues Glucosidase inhibitors Thiazolidenediones ```

Question 32

Sulfonylureas

Answer 32

Stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin 2nd generation more potent and less toxic Gi disturbances, liver damage, hypoglycemia

Question 33

Biguanides

Answer 33

Reduce production of glucose by the liver Used alone or in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin Vomiting, metallic taste

Question 34

Non-sulfonylurea secretagogues

Answer 34

Stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin Hypoglycemia occurs less often Must be taken with meals

Question 35

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 35

Slow absorption of carbohydrates ingested Used alone or with other agents Taken with 1st mouth full of food

Question 36

Thiazolidenediones

Answer 36

Increased insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, skeletal tissue and live Reduce production of glucose by liver Alone or in combo with metformin, sulfonylurea or insulin 6-14 weeks to achieve maximum effect Taken at the same time each day

Question 37

Glucagon

Answer 37

Polypeptide hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas Antagonist to insulin Can be used for emergency treatment of hypoglycemia

Question 38

Estrogens

Answer 38

Changes of puberty Therapy for menstrual disturbances osteoporosis, menopause Contraception in combination with progestins

Question 39

Progestins

Answer 39

Prepares reproductive system for conception Therapy for menopause Contraception when combined with estrogens

Question 40

Contraceptives

Answer 40

Estrogens and progestin Oral are on 28 day cycle (21 on 7 off) Exception is seasonale (extended cycle combo)

Question 41

Contraceptives adverse reactions

Answer 41

``` Weight gain Breast discomfort Tendency to clot Cariogenicity Gingival inflammation, dry socket risk ```

Question 42

Contraceptives drug interactions

Answer 42

Antibiotics (reduced effectiveness of contraceptive) Acetaminophen (risk of hepatoxicity) Benzodiazepines (reduces effectiveness of benzodiazepines)