Opioid Analgesics

Question 1

Opioid

Answer 1

Biological effects through interactions with mu, kappa, and delta receptor
Reversed by naloxone

Question 2

Opiate

Answer 2

An opioid similar to morphine

Question 3

Opioid mechanism of action

Answer 3

At nerve endings impedes the release of neurotransmitters
Preventing pain recognition
Inhibiting negative emotion with pain

Question 4

Mu receptors

Answer 4

Clinically useful drugs
Central depression (euphoria, bradycardia, physical tolerance and dependence)

Question 5

Kappa receptors

Answer 5

Natural addiction control mechanism

Sedation, mild respiratory depression, low addiction liability

Question 6

Delta receptors

Answer 6

Delusions, hallucinations

Question 7

Full agonists

Examples

Answer 7

Affinity toward certain receptor type
Treatment of moderate to severe acute or chronic pain

(Morphine, codeine, fentanyl)

Question 8

Mixed agonists-antagonists

Answer 8

Agonist effect at one receptor, antagonist effect at another
Less likely to cause dependence

Question 9

Full antagonist

Answer 9

Rescued analgesic effect, treatment of opioid intoxication

Naloxone

Question 10

Pharmacological effects

Answer 10

Analgesia
Sedation and euphoria
Cough suppression
GI effects

Question 11

Analgesia

Answer 11

Moderate to severe pain

Chronic pain with cancer and terminal illness

Question 12

Sedation and euphoria

Answer 12

Kappa receptor stimulation
Additive sedation when combined with other cns depressants
Pain removed euphoria results

Question 13

GI effects

Answer 13

Increase smooth muscle tone
Decreases guts contractions and motility
Antidiarrheal

Question 14

Adverse effects

Answer 14

Respiratory depression (cause of death from overdose)
Cns effects
Cardiovascular effects
Dermatologic

Question 15

Chronic administration

Answer 15

Tolerance
Cross tolerance
Dependence

Question 16

Treatment of addiction

Answer 16

Orally administered opioid
Abrupt withdrawal (shaking chills nausea)
Methadone maintenance

Question 17

Morphine

Answer 17

Agonist
Moderate to severe pain
Highly addictive

Question 18

Codeine

Answer 18

Most commonly used in dentistry

Question 19

Hydrocodone

Answer 19

Moderate abuse potential

Treatment of pain

Question 20

Hydromorphone

Answer 20

Morphine derivative

Only used to relieve pain in dentistry when other measures have failed

Question 21

Oxycodone

Answer 21

Chronic pain
Used alone or in combo with Asa
Considered after codeine

Question 22

Fentanyl

Answer 22

Synthetic
Manage chronic pain
Abused drug

Question 23

Methadone

Answer 23

Synthetic

Maintenance of opioid addiction

Question 24

Pentazocine

Answer 24

Synthetic
Agonist/antagonist mu receptors
Agonist kappa receptors

Question 25

Naloxone

Answer 25

Antagonist of mu, kappa, delta receptors

Treat overdoses