other extras :)

Question 1

productivity

Answer 1

the rate of accumulation/ production of biomass energy

measured in unit area or volume

Question 2

compenstation point

Answer 2

rate of respiration and photosysnthsis are equal and there is no change

Question 3

eutrophication

Answer 3

process by body of water is enriched with nutrients stimulate producers growth

Question 4

formula to calcualte how much energy was transfered from trophic level to trophic level

Answer 4

(part/whole) x 100

Question 5

function of lipids

Answer 5

• long term energy
• cushinoing and protection
• insualtion

Question 6

function of proteins

Answer 6

material to reapure muscle, skin, bones and cartilage

Question 7

monomer and polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 7

glucose
strach cellulose

Question 8

monomer and polymer of lipids

Answer 8

glycerol and fatty acids
triglyceride

Question 9

monomer and polymer proteins

Answer 9

amino acids
polypeptide chains -> proteins

Question 10

vital nutrients

Answer 10

• carbon
• calcium
• magnesium
• nitrogen
• phosphorus

Question 11

5 main process that replenish nutrient reservoirs

Answer 11

1. dissolving in water from the atmopshere (dissolution)
2. excretion (eliminate waste) and decomposing
3. upwelling
4. run-off
5. tectonic activity

Question 12

what are the two ways that tectonic plates can replenish nutrients

Answer 12

• hydrothermal vents
• erosion and weathering

Question 13

processes that remove nutrients from the surface layer

Answer 13

• marine snow
• harvesting
• uptake by primary producers like phytoplankton
• incorportated into coral reefs

Question 14

Carbon cycle

Answer 14

• uptake within food that is eaten
• expelled through our breath
• sequestered (incorporated into tissues) by plants through photsynthesis

Question 15

what affects carbon in oceans

Answer 15

• sedimnetary rocks
• marine uplift
• fossil fuels

Question 16

Magnesium cycle

Answer 16

• all photosynthsis
  input- erosion of rock and ferlizer
  taken in by photosynthsis used to make chlorphyll

Question 17

areas of limited productivity

Answer 17

• polar seas there is not enough light for phytoplankton or carbon cycle
• not enough light in the deep sea
• intertidal zone as there is inconsistant sequestation

Question 18

biological use of nitrogen

Answer 18

make proteins and synthesis amino acids

Question 19

biological use of carbon

Answer 19

synthesis ALL organic material

Question 20

biological use of magnesium

Answer 20

makes chlorophyll for all plants

Question 21

biological use of calcium

Answer 21

production of bones, coral and shells

Question 22

biological use of phosphorus

Answer 22

production of bones and synthsis of DNA

Question 23

what are the 3 domains

Answer 23

• archae
• bacteria
• eukarya

Question 24

Kingdoms

Answer 24

• protista (unicellular some autotrophs)
• fungi
• plante
• animalia (feed on plants or animals)

Question 25

what is the main nutrient needed for coral growth

Answer 25

calcum carbonate CaCo3

Question 26

what pylum is coral

Answer 26

cnidaria

Question 27

3 types of coral

Answer 27

small polyp stony large polyp stony soft

Question 28

soft coral

Answer 28

- minimal Ca needed - easiest to maintain - not reef building (ahermatypic)

Question 29

LPS coral

Answer 29

- hard Ca skelton - lots of tenticles - not largerly reef building

Question 30

SPS coral

Answer 30

- hardest to maintain since needs the most calcium - buidls off of dead coral - provide habitat and are reef buidling

Question 31

requirments for formation of coral

Answer 31

- water temp range 23-25'C idea 16-35'C - top 20 meters for photsynthsi - clear water for light pentation - 8-8.3 pH - substrate and salinity - apporapriate rocky surface

Question 32

features of barrier reef

Answer 32

deep and wide lagoon

Question 33

atoll formation

Answer 33

- volcano eurption - fringing reef is formed - because of depth goes through subsudence and there is weathering that occurs at the top, barier reef - volcano completly submegred is now an atoll

Question 34

two types of erosion corals face

Answer 34

- bio-erosion: predators cuch as COTS or butterfly fish, and human interfernce who overharvest tritons trumpet - phsyical: storm damage cause of hurcains and physical breakage of coral or abrassive sediments, desication and exposure to change in pH, blast fishing

Question 35

coral affect on ecosystems

Answer 35

- nursing grounds - deacrese in biodiversrty (if die)

Question 36

coral affect on human pop.

Answer 36

- loss of wave despation - higher wave energy - fall of human fishing industries - shore and costal propeties are exposed to damages from possible flooding

Question 37

primary objecttives of artifical reefs

Answer 37

- strucutal: increase solid sediment for coral settlement - biological: increase coral coverage - physical: better physical conditions

Question 38

broad reef assessment tecquines

Answer 38

- fram quadrats - transect

Question 39

line transect

Answer 39

sample mething involves counting species that touch the transect

Question 40

continuse sampling

Answer 40

any species that touches the line is recorded along the whole transect

Question 41

systematic sampling

Answer 41

species presence is only recorded at the regular fixed interval (every 5 meters.

Question 42

belt transect

Answer 42

counting species in frame quadrats placed adjacent to transept

Question 43

what does simpson index measure

Answer 43

a biodiversity for species richness and evenness